Doctors are not sure what causes most cases of thyroid cancer, there is no way to prevent thyroid cancer in people at average risk of the disease.
Prevention in people at high risk
People with a genetic mutation that increases the risk of hereditary medullary thyroid cancer may choose not to prevent thyroid cancer (prophylactic thyroidectomy). Discuss the options with a genetic counselor, which may explain the risk of thyroid cancer and treatment options.
Preventing people close to nuclear facilities
The fallout from an accident at a nuclear plant can cause thyroid cancer in people who live nearby. If you live within 10 miles of the nuclear power plant, you may be eligible for a drug (potassium iodide), which blocks the effect of radiation on the thyroid. If an emergency occurs, you and your family take potassium iodide tablets to help prevent thyroid cancer.
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