It is not clear what causes thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer occurs when cells of the thyroid are genetic changes (mutations). The mutations allow the cells to grow and multiply rapidly. The cells also lose the chance to die, because the cells would be normal. Accumulated abnormal thyroid cells form a tumor. Abnormal cells can invade nearby tissues and can spread throughout the body.
Types of thyroid cancer
The type of thyroid cancer determines the treatment and prognosis. Types of thyroid cancer are:
Papillary thyroid cancer. The type of papillary thyroid cancer is most common, constituting about 80 percent of all diagnoses of thyroid cancer.
Follicular thyroid cancer. Follicular thyroid cancer in Hurthle cell carcinoma.
Medullary thyroid cancer. Medullary thyroid carcinoma may be associated with inherited genetic syndromes, including tumors in other glands. However, the majority of medullary thyroid cancer are sporadic, meaning that they are not linked to inherited genetic syndromes.
Anaplastic cancer of the thyroid. The type of anaplastic thyroid cancer is very rare, very aggressive and difficult to treat.
Thyroid lymphoma. Thyroid lymphoma begins in the cells of the immune system in the thyroid. Thyroid lymphoma is very rare.
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