Surgery is the preferred treatment for patients with early stage NSCLC. Unfortunately, 60% -80% of patients with metastatic or advanced disease and are not surgical candidates.
People who are in NSCLC has not spread to tolerate the surgery if they have adequate lung function.
Part of a lobe, an entire lung lobe or all can be removed. The degree of removal depends on the size of the tumor, its location and how far it has spread.
A technique called cryotherapy, is sometimes used for NSCLC. In cryosurgery, freezing the tumor dies. This treatment is mainly for the relief of the symptoms, not cure.
Cure rate for small cancers in the edge of the lung is about 80%.
Although complete surgical removal, a large percentage of patients with early stage cancer is a recurrence of cancer and die.
Surgery is not widely used in the CEP. Because SCLC spreads widely and rapidly throughout the body, the elimination of all surgery is usually impossible.
An operation for lung cancer is a major surgery. Many people experience pain, weakness, fatigue and shortness of breath after surgery. Most people find it difficult to move, cough and deep breathing. The recovery period can take several weeks or months.
Showing posts with label surgery. Show all posts
Showing posts with label surgery. Show all posts
Thursday, 28 July 2011
surgery of skin cancer
Small lesions can be removed by a variety of techniques, including simple excision (cutting it), electrodesiccation and curettage (burning of tissue with an electric needle) and cryosurgery (freezing the area with liquid nitrogen).
Larger tumors, lesions at high risk locations, recurrent tumors, and lesions in cosmetically sensitive areas, removed by Mohs micrographic surgery. The surgeon carefully removes layer after layer of tissue until the cancer-free tissue is reached.
Malignant melanoma is treated more aggressively than just surgical removal. To ensure the complete elimination of this dangerous malignancy, 1-2 cm in a normal skin around the tumor are also removed. In some cases, when available is the removal is achieved using Mohs micrographic surgery. Depending on the thickness of melanoma, nearby lymph nodes may be removed and tested for cancer. The method of sentinel lymph node uses a slightly radioactive substance to identify lymph nodes most likely to be affected.
Larger tumors, lesions at high risk locations, recurrent tumors, and lesions in cosmetically sensitive areas, removed by Mohs micrographic surgery. The surgeon carefully removes layer after layer of tissue until the cancer-free tissue is reached.
Malignant melanoma is treated more aggressively than just surgical removal. To ensure the complete elimination of this dangerous malignancy, 1-2 cm in a normal skin around the tumor are also removed. In some cases, when available is the removal is achieved using Mohs micrographic surgery. Depending on the thickness of melanoma, nearby lymph nodes may be removed and tested for cancer. The method of sentinel lymph node uses a slightly radioactive substance to identify lymph nodes most likely to be affected.
Wednesday, 27 July 2011
surgery
Surgery is by far the most commonly used to treat bladder cancer. It is used for all types and stages of bladder cancer. Several types of surgery are used. What is needed in any situation depends largely on the stage of cancer. Many surgical procedures are available today that has not been widely accepted. Can be difficult to perform, and results are best achieved by those who run many of these operations per year. Types of surgery include the following:
Transurethral resection with fulguration: In this operation, the instrument (resectoscope) is inserted through the urethra and bladder. A thin wire loop by instrument, then remove the tumor by cutting or burning is an electrical current (shock). This usually happens for the initial diagnosis of bladder cancer and the treatment of stage Ta and T1 tumors. Often, after transurethral resection, treatment is given (for example, intravesical therapy) to help treat cancer of the bladder.
Radical cystectomy: In this operation, the entire bladder is removed and nearby lymph nodes and other structures that may contain cancer. This is usually done for cancer that has invaded at least the muscular layer of the wall of the bladder or the most superficial cancers, which covers much of the bladder, or have not responded to more conservative treatments. Occasionally, the bladder is removed to relieve severe urinary symptoms.
Partial cystectomy or partial: In this operation is part of the bladder removed. This is usually done for solitary low-grade tumors that invaded the bladder wall, but it is limited to a small area of the bladder.
As its name suggests, radical cystectomy is major surgery. Not only the entire bladder, but also other structures are removed.
For men, the prostate and seminal vesicles (small tubes that carry sperm to the prostate penis) is removed. This will stop the production of sperm and may affect sexual function. However, nerve sparing technique can save you an erection in some men after surgery.
In women, the uterus (womb), ovaries, and part of the vagina are removed. It ceases to menstruation, and you can not get pregnant. The transaction may also interfere with sexual function and urinary.
Removal of the bladder is complicated because it requires the creation of a new way for urine to leave the body. This is called urinary diversion. Some people use a bag outside the body to collect urine. Others have a small pocket inside the body to collect urine. The bag is usually performed by a surgeon for a small part of the intestine. Most patients (men and women) are candidates for reconstruction of the continent urinary tract so that voluntary (voluntary) voiding can be restored.
Surgeons and medical oncologists work together to find ways to avoid radical cystectomy. A combination of chemotherapy and radiation can cause some patients to preserve their bladder, but the toxicity of treatment is important, with many patients requiring surgery to remove the bladder at a later date.
If your urologist recommends surgery as a treatment for bladder cancer, make sure you understand the type of operation you want, and what effect the surgery will have on your life.
Even if the surgeon believes that all the cancer removed by surgery, many people who undergo surgery for bladder cancer receive chemotherapy after surgery. This "adjuvant" chemotherapy is designed to eliminate the remaining cancer cells after surgery and increase the chances of recovery.
Some patients may receive chemotherapy before radical cystectomy. This is called "neoadjuvant" chemotherapy and can be recommended by the surgeon and oncologist. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can kill microscopic cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body and can also shrink the tumor in the bladder before surgery.
If you decide that you need chemotherapy, radical cystectomy with our own, the choice of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the decision is made on a case by case basis with each patient case, the medical oncology, and urologic oncologist.
Transurethral resection with fulguration: In this operation, the instrument (resectoscope) is inserted through the urethra and bladder. A thin wire loop by instrument, then remove the tumor by cutting or burning is an electrical current (shock). This usually happens for the initial diagnosis of bladder cancer and the treatment of stage Ta and T1 tumors. Often, after transurethral resection, treatment is given (for example, intravesical therapy) to help treat cancer of the bladder.
Radical cystectomy: In this operation, the entire bladder is removed and nearby lymph nodes and other structures that may contain cancer. This is usually done for cancer that has invaded at least the muscular layer of the wall of the bladder or the most superficial cancers, which covers much of the bladder, or have not responded to more conservative treatments. Occasionally, the bladder is removed to relieve severe urinary symptoms.
Partial cystectomy or partial: In this operation is part of the bladder removed. This is usually done for solitary low-grade tumors that invaded the bladder wall, but it is limited to a small area of the bladder.
As its name suggests, radical cystectomy is major surgery. Not only the entire bladder, but also other structures are removed.
For men, the prostate and seminal vesicles (small tubes that carry sperm to the prostate penis) is removed. This will stop the production of sperm and may affect sexual function. However, nerve sparing technique can save you an erection in some men after surgery.
In women, the uterus (womb), ovaries, and part of the vagina are removed. It ceases to menstruation, and you can not get pregnant. The transaction may also interfere with sexual function and urinary.
Removal of the bladder is complicated because it requires the creation of a new way for urine to leave the body. This is called urinary diversion. Some people use a bag outside the body to collect urine. Others have a small pocket inside the body to collect urine. The bag is usually performed by a surgeon for a small part of the intestine. Most patients (men and women) are candidates for reconstruction of the continent urinary tract so that voluntary (voluntary) voiding can be restored.
Surgeons and medical oncologists work together to find ways to avoid radical cystectomy. A combination of chemotherapy and radiation can cause some patients to preserve their bladder, but the toxicity of treatment is important, with many patients requiring surgery to remove the bladder at a later date.
If your urologist recommends surgery as a treatment for bladder cancer, make sure you understand the type of operation you want, and what effect the surgery will have on your life.
Even if the surgeon believes that all the cancer removed by surgery, many people who undergo surgery for bladder cancer receive chemotherapy after surgery. This "adjuvant" chemotherapy is designed to eliminate the remaining cancer cells after surgery and increase the chances of recovery.
Some patients may receive chemotherapy before radical cystectomy. This is called "neoadjuvant" chemotherapy and can be recommended by the surgeon and oncologist. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can kill microscopic cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body and can also shrink the tumor in the bladder before surgery.
If you decide that you need chemotherapy, radical cystectomy with our own, the choice of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the decision is made on a case by case basis with each patient case, the medical oncology, and urologic oncologist.
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