Reduce the risk of sexually transmitted diseases
To reduce the risk of cancer of the vulva, reduce the risk of STDs such as HPV and HIV. To reduce the risk of these conditions:
Limit the number of sexual partners. The more sexual partners you have, the greater your risk of exposure to HPV.
Use a condom every time you have sex. Condoms can protect you from HIV infection. Condoms can reduce the risk of getting HPV, but not fully protect against it.
Consider vaccination against HPV. Girls and young women might consider getting the HPV vaccine to protect against strains of the virus believed to cause most cases of cancer of the vulva.
Ask your doctor about pelvic exams
Ask your doctor how often you should have a pelvic exam. These tests allow your doctor to visually examine your vulva and manually check your internal reproductive organs to check for anomalies. Talk to your doctor about your risk factors for vulvar cancer and other pelvic cancers to determine the timing of testing the most appropriate exam for you.
Friday, 5 August 2011
Treatment Of Vulvar Cancer
Treatment of vulvar cancer can include:
Vulvectomy - the first line of treatment is surgical removal of the tumor. Depending on factors such as location, type, stage and severity of cancer, surgery may include radical vulvectomy (removal of the vulva) with or without removal of lymph nodes in the groin of one or both sides.
Radiotherapy - the use of targeted x-rays to kill cancer cells. This can be used as a primary treatment to avoid removal of the clitoris.
Chemotherapy - the use of anticancer drugs, often in combination. Chemotherapy may be useful to control secondary cancers because the body is treated. Can also be used with radiation to increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy.
Vulvectomy - the first line of treatment is surgical removal of the tumor. Depending on factors such as location, type, stage and severity of cancer, surgery may include radical vulvectomy (removal of the vulva) with or without removal of lymph nodes in the groin of one or both sides.
Radiotherapy - the use of targeted x-rays to kill cancer cells. This can be used as a primary treatment to avoid removal of the clitoris.
Chemotherapy - the use of anticancer drugs, often in combination. Chemotherapy may be useful to control secondary cancers because the body is treated. Can also be used with radiation to increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy.
Symptoms Of Vulvar Cancer
In its early stages, vulvar cancer often has no symptoms. This is because cancer is so small. Progression of symptoms may include:
Solid unusual or impact can be felt in some vulva.
The lump becomes itchy and painful.
The lump progresses to an ulcerated wound that refuses to heal.
The first wound-looking statements may be white, red or pink. The wound grows over time.
Severe bleeding or discharge.
Lymph nodes in the groin may swell.
Problems with the feces and urine may indicate in passing that the cancer has spread to these structures.
Secondary tumors can cause a variety of symptoms like bone pain.
Solid unusual or impact can be felt in some vulva.
The lump becomes itchy and painful.
The lump progresses to an ulcerated wound that refuses to heal.
The first wound-looking statements may be white, red or pink. The wound grows over time.
Severe bleeding or discharge.
Lymph nodes in the groin may swell.
Problems with the feces and urine may indicate in passing that the cancer has spread to these structures.
Secondary tumors can cause a variety of symptoms like bone pain.
Causes Of Vulvar Cancer
It is not clear what causes vulvar cancer. Generally doctors that cancer begins when a cell develops mutations in DNA. The mutations allow the cell to grow and divide rapidly. The cell and its descendants to live, when other normal cells will die. Cells accumulate in the form of a tumor might be cancerous, invading nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Types of vulvar cancer
Vulvar cancer cells helps the doctor plan the most effective treatment plan. Vulvar cancer most common are:
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. This cancer begins in thin, flat cells lining the surface of the vulva. Most vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.
Vulvar melanoma. This cancer begins in cells that produce pigment in the skin of the vulva.
Types of vulvar cancer
Vulvar cancer cells helps the doctor plan the most effective treatment plan. Vulvar cancer most common are:
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. This cancer begins in thin, flat cells lining the surface of the vulva. Most vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.
Vulvar melanoma. This cancer begins in cells that produce pigment in the skin of the vulva.
Vulvar Cancer Overview
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| VULVAR CANCER |
Forms of the vulva vulvar cancer usually solid or wound, which causes itching and pain. Although it can occur at any age, vulvar cancer is the most common diagnosis in older women.
Vulvar cancer usually involves surgery to remove the tumor and a margin of healthy tissue. Sometimes surgery for cancer of the vulva requires the removal of the entire vulva. Previously diagnosed with vulvar cancer is less likely to need treatment for extensive surgery.
Thursday, 4 August 2011
Prevention Of Vaginal Cancer
Like many cancers, cancer of the vagina can not be avoided in all cases. There are some things a woman can do to reduce the risk factor of developing cancer of the vagina. The best ways to prevent cancer of the vagina is trying to avoid the risk factors for the disease.
How to reduce a risk factor for vaginal cancer
The best way a woman can reduce her risk factor for developing vaginal cancer is to avoid receiving the HPV, the virus sexually transmitted diseases. HPV is very common. In fact, approximately 80% of women suffering from 50 years of age.
HPV can cause various cancers, including cervical cancer. Researchers believe it may be a link between vaginal cancer and HPV.
Although there is no sure way to prevent HPV, there are some things a woman can do to reduce your risk:
Sexual partner should always use a condom correctly during intercourse. Recent research shows that condoms offer some protection against HPV.
Limit the amount of sexual partners.
It 'provides a test that can determine whether a woman has HPV. HPV test routinely given to women as well as Pap tests at age 30.
A test may also be able to detect some cases of vaginal cancer before symptoms are experienced.
How to reduce a risk factor for vaginal cancer
The best way a woman can reduce her risk factor for developing vaginal cancer is to avoid receiving the HPV, the virus sexually transmitted diseases. HPV is very common. In fact, approximately 80% of women suffering from 50 years of age.
HPV can cause various cancers, including cervical cancer. Researchers believe it may be a link between vaginal cancer and HPV.
Although there is no sure way to prevent HPV, there are some things a woman can do to reduce your risk:
Sexual partner should always use a condom correctly during intercourse. Recent research shows that condoms offer some protection against HPV.
Limit the amount of sexual partners.
It 'provides a test that can determine whether a woman has HPV. HPV test routinely given to women as well as Pap tests at age 30.
A test may also be able to detect some cases of vaginal cancer before symptoms are experienced.
Treatment O Vaginal Cancer
There are a variety of ways to treat cancer of the vagina. Treatment vary from patient to patient depending on these factors:
patient's general health
type of vaginal cancer
stage of vaginal cancer
if the patient has had a hysterectomy and still have the womb
if the patient had pelvic irradiation in the past
When this relationship is established, a treatment plan is organized. When a doctor recommends treatment, second opinions required by the patient's insurance company. This is a standard procedure for most companies. Many times the patient will get a second opinion.
Vaginal cancer treatment methods
Many times, various types of treatment will be the treatment of vaginal cancer. For example, a patient may have surgery, then pelvic radiation therapy. This is not unusual.
Surgery is a common method of vaginal cancer. There are several types of operations used to treat cancer of the vagina, such as:
Laser surgery Laser surgery involves using a light beam to AST as a knife to remove abnormal tissue.
Wide local excision of a large space removal is surgery to remove the abnormal tissue, and some surrounding healthy tissue.
A vaginectomy vaginectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the vagina.
The total hysterectomy total hysterectomy removes the cervix and uterus.
During the lymph nodes, lymph nodes removed and examined for the presence of cancer.
Pelvic exenteration Pelvic exenteration is the surgical removal of the colon, bladder and rectum. For women, the vagina, cervix, ovaries and lymph nodes removed.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapeutic agents either to kill cancer cells or prevent the cells from dividing. Chemotherapy can be administered in various ways, the IV infusion and pill is more common. Type of chemotherapy is given depends on the stage and type of vaginal cancer.
Radiotherapy
Radiation therapy is a certain kind of energy, radiation is used to kill cancer cells. This energy can be waves or particles such as protons, electrons, X rays and gamma rays.
Radiotherapy can be given internally or externally. The type of radiation given depends on the stage and type of vaginal cancer.
patient's general health
type of vaginal cancer
stage of vaginal cancer
if the patient has had a hysterectomy and still have the womb
if the patient had pelvic irradiation in the past
When this relationship is established, a treatment plan is organized. When a doctor recommends treatment, second opinions required by the patient's insurance company. This is a standard procedure for most companies. Many times the patient will get a second opinion.
Vaginal cancer treatment methods
Many times, various types of treatment will be the treatment of vaginal cancer. For example, a patient may have surgery, then pelvic radiation therapy. This is not unusual.
Surgery is a common method of vaginal cancer. There are several types of operations used to treat cancer of the vagina, such as:
Laser surgery Laser surgery involves using a light beam to AST as a knife to remove abnormal tissue.
Wide local excision of a large space removal is surgery to remove the abnormal tissue, and some surrounding healthy tissue.
A vaginectomy vaginectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the vagina.
The total hysterectomy total hysterectomy removes the cervix and uterus.
During the lymph nodes, lymph nodes removed and examined for the presence of cancer.
Pelvic exenteration Pelvic exenteration is the surgical removal of the colon, bladder and rectum. For women, the vagina, cervix, ovaries and lymph nodes removed.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapeutic agents either to kill cancer cells or prevent the cells from dividing. Chemotherapy can be administered in various ways, the IV infusion and pill is more common. Type of chemotherapy is given depends on the stage and type of vaginal cancer.
Radiotherapy
Radiation therapy is a certain kind of energy, radiation is used to kill cancer cells. This energy can be waves or particles such as protons, electrons, X rays and gamma rays.
Radiotherapy can be given internally or externally. The type of radiation given depends on the stage and type of vaginal cancer.
Symptoms Of Vaginal Cancer
Symptoms of vaginal cancer are:
Abnormal vaginal bleeding: Refers to a type of vaginal cancer, abnormal vaginal bleeding after intercourse and / or women who have gone through menopause. He is the most common symptom of cancer of the vagina and is often one of the first symptoms experienced. Post coital bleeding and post are vague symptoms that are usually present in many other gynecological conditions.
Discharges: Although vaginal discharge is common in many women, and often do not worry, atypical or unusual vaginal discharge - with or without blood, tone, or odor - may be symptoms of vaginal cancer. This is incredibly rare, and much more likely to be caused by something much less of a concern, but should be evaluated on a doctor.
Changes in urination: If you find that might be to urinate more often, it is important to find out the reason. This may be related to increased fluid intake, consumption of beverages containing caffeine, or the appearance of urinary tract infections, but this can also be caused by a serious illness. Changes in urination may be pain during urination and blood in the urine. Although the presence of blood is not always possible to detect with the naked eye, some women may notice a pink highlights / marks in their panties, or delete the toilet.
Pelvic Pain: Pelvic pain usually occurs when vaginal cancer began to spread. Pelvic pain can be described as pain or pressure felt in the abdomen below the navel. It can be intermittent or constant. Many women describe pelvic pain as a dull ache that can include severe pain.
Vaginal mass: the vagina, which seems to be you or your doctor may be a symptom of vaginal cancer. There may be several causes of vaginal masses, including vaginal cysts. A biopsy may be needed to determine whether or not cancerous mass.
Changes in stools: Changes in bowel function may indicate several conditions, including cancer of the vagina. As vaginal cancer progresses, the women suffer from chronic constipation, black stools / tarry, and feeling as if the intestines were not completely emptied after a bowel movement.
Abnormal vaginal bleeding: Refers to a type of vaginal cancer, abnormal vaginal bleeding after intercourse and / or women who have gone through menopause. He is the most common symptom of cancer of the vagina and is often one of the first symptoms experienced. Post coital bleeding and post are vague symptoms that are usually present in many other gynecological conditions.
Discharges: Although vaginal discharge is common in many women, and often do not worry, atypical or unusual vaginal discharge - with or without blood, tone, or odor - may be symptoms of vaginal cancer. This is incredibly rare, and much more likely to be caused by something much less of a concern, but should be evaluated on a doctor.
Changes in urination: If you find that might be to urinate more often, it is important to find out the reason. This may be related to increased fluid intake, consumption of beverages containing caffeine, or the appearance of urinary tract infections, but this can also be caused by a serious illness. Changes in urination may be pain during urination and blood in the urine. Although the presence of blood is not always possible to detect with the naked eye, some women may notice a pink highlights / marks in their panties, or delete the toilet.
Pelvic Pain: Pelvic pain usually occurs when vaginal cancer began to spread. Pelvic pain can be described as pain or pressure felt in the abdomen below the navel. It can be intermittent or constant. Many women describe pelvic pain as a dull ache that can include severe pain.
Vaginal mass: the vagina, which seems to be you or your doctor may be a symptom of vaginal cancer. There may be several causes of vaginal masses, including vaginal cysts. A biopsy may be needed to determine whether or not cancerous mass.
Changes in stools: Changes in bowel function may indicate several conditions, including cancer of the vagina. As vaginal cancer progresses, the women suffer from chronic constipation, black stools / tarry, and feeling as if the intestines were not completely emptied after a bowel movement.
Causes Of Vaginal Cancer
Unfortunately, at this point, scientists do not know exactly what causes cancer of the vagina. However, they identified several risk factors for cancer of the vagina. A risk factor is an activity or condition associated with another disease.
Risk factors for vaginal cancer include:
Be 30 years or less, or 60 years and over
Being infected with HPV
Use a vaginal pessary to avoid falling into the vagina to the uterus.
Exposure to the synthetic hormone DES, while the belly
Remember that if you have a risk factor for vaginal cancer, which does not mean they will definitely develop vaginal cancer. Means that they have an increased risk of developing it.
Risk factors for vaginal cancer include:
Be 30 years or less, or 60 years and over
Being infected with HPV
Use a vaginal pessary to avoid falling into the vagina to the uterus.
Exposure to the synthetic hormone DES, while the belly
Remember that if you have a risk factor for vaginal cancer, which does not mean they will definitely develop vaginal cancer. Means that they have an increased risk of developing it.
Vaginal Cancer Overview
Vaginal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) in the vagina.
The vagina is the tube that leads from the cervix (opening to the uterus) outside the body. At birth, the baby leaves the body through the vagina (also called the birth canal).
Vaginal cancer is not common. If found early, can often be improved. There are two main types of vaginal cancer:
Squamous cell carcinoma: Cancer that forms in squamous cells, the thin, flat cells lining the vagina. Carcinoma squamous cell vaginal cancer spreads slowly and usually stays near the vagina, but can spread to the lungs and liver. This is the most common type of vaginal cancer. It is found most often in women 60 years or more.
Adenocarcinoma: Cancer that begins glandular (secretory) cells. Glandular cells in the lining of the vagina and to deliver fluids such as mucus. Adenocarcinoma is more likely that squamous cell cancer to spread to the lungs and lymph nodes. It is found more often in women aged 30 or younger.
The vagina is the tube that leads from the cervix (opening to the uterus) outside the body. At birth, the baby leaves the body through the vagina (also called the birth canal).
Vaginal cancer is not common. If found early, can often be improved. There are two main types of vaginal cancer:
Squamous cell carcinoma: Cancer that forms in squamous cells, the thin, flat cells lining the vagina. Carcinoma squamous cell vaginal cancer spreads slowly and usually stays near the vagina, but can spread to the lungs and liver. This is the most common type of vaginal cancer. It is found most often in women 60 years or more.
Adenocarcinoma: Cancer that begins glandular (secretory) cells. Glandular cells in the lining of the vagina and to deliver fluids such as mucus. Adenocarcinoma is more likely that squamous cell cancer to spread to the lungs and lymph nodes. It is found more often in women aged 30 or younger.
Prevention Of Gynecologic Cancer
Prevention tactics differ between different types of gynecological cancers, and that each cancer has its own specific causes and risk factors. There are some common risk factors among certain types of gynecologic cancer in which we can reduce the risk. To reduce the risk of gynecologic cancer, you can: reduce the risk of HPV. Limit your exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) may also reduce the risk of cancer of the cervix and vagina, and vulva cancer. HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that in some cases, if undetected or untreated, can develop into cervical cancer.
Treatment Of Gynecologic Cancer
The treatment of gynecologic cancers depends on the cancer type, stage, and other general health factors. Common methods of gynecological treatment include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery.
Symptoms Of Gynecologic Cancer
Gynecologic cancer symptoms vary depending on the type of cancer. A wide spectrum of symptoms of gynecologic cancer may include:
pelvic pain
abnormal vaginal bleeding
vaginal bleeding during or after sexual intercourse
persistent abdominal swelling or bloating
unintentional weight gain or loss
permanent changes in the intestine, such as diarrhea or constipation
These are common symptoms of gynecologic cancers, but there are several symptoms that are specific to each type.
pelvic pain
abnormal vaginal bleeding
vaginal bleeding during or after sexual intercourse
persistent abdominal swelling or bloating
unintentional weight gain or loss
permanent changes in the intestine, such as diarrhea or constipation
These are common symptoms of gynecologic cancers, but there are several symptoms that are specific to each type.
Causes Of Gynecologic Cancer
The causes and risk factors for gynecological cancers varies between different types, but there are some common pitfalls:
HPV infection
Exhibitions (synthetic estrogen to women before 1971 during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage, but ultimately creates risks to the health of the mother and daughter / son did)
smoke
HIV / AIDS
There are also risk factors for gynecological we have no control over such as age, race and family of diseases and conditions that increase risk. A risk factor is not a prerequisite for the development of a disease, some women still develop a gynecologic cancer, despite not having a risk factor for her.
HPV infection
Exhibitions (synthetic estrogen to women before 1971 during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage, but ultimately creates risks to the health of the mother and daughter / son did)
smoke
HIV / AIDS
There are also risk factors for gynecological we have no control over such as age, race and family of diseases and conditions that increase risk. A risk factor is not a prerequisite for the development of a disease, some women still develop a gynecologic cancer, despite not having a risk factor for her.
Gynecologic Cancer Overview
Gynecological cancer is a group of cancers that affect tissues and organs of the female reproductive system. Each type of cancer is named after the organ, it is derived. Types of vaginal cancer include:
cervical cancer
ovarian cancer
uterine cancer
vaginal cancer
vulvar cancer
cervical cancer
ovarian cancer
uterine cancer
vaginal cancer
vulvar cancer
Wednesday, 3 August 2011
Prevention Of Testicular Cancer
There is no sure way to prevent testicular cancer. Some doctors recommend regular testicular self-examination to identify testicular cancer at the earliest stage. Not all doctors agree, however, so discuss testicular self-examination with your doctor if you are unsure as to whether it is right for you.
If you decide to do a testicular self-examination, a good time to examine your testicles is after a bath or shower. The hot water relaxes the scrotum, making it easier for you to find anything unusual.
To do this, review the following:
Stand in front of a mirror. Looking for any swelling in the scrotal skin.
Examine each testicle with both hands. Place the index and middle fingers under the testicle while placing your thumbs on top.
Gently roll the testicle between the thumb and fingers. Remember that the testicles are usually smooth, oval shaped and somewhat firm. It is normal for one testicle to be slightly larger than the other. As the cord leading upward from the top of the testicle (epididymis) is a normal part of the scrotum. Through regular review, you are more familiar with your testicles and aware of changes that may be of concern.
If you find a piece, call your doctor as soon as possible. Testicular cancer is very treatable, especially when they are identified early
If you decide to do a testicular self-examination, a good time to examine your testicles is after a bath or shower. The hot water relaxes the scrotum, making it easier for you to find anything unusual.
To do this, review the following:
Stand in front of a mirror. Looking for any swelling in the scrotal skin.
Examine each testicle with both hands. Place the index and middle fingers under the testicle while placing your thumbs on top.
Gently roll the testicle between the thumb and fingers. Remember that the testicles are usually smooth, oval shaped and somewhat firm. It is normal for one testicle to be slightly larger than the other. As the cord leading upward from the top of the testicle (epididymis) is a normal part of the scrotum. Through regular review, you are more familiar with your testicles and aware of changes that may be of concern.
If you find a piece, call your doctor as soon as possible. Testicular cancer is very treatable, especially when they are identified early
Treatment Of Testicular Cancer
The basic method of treatment of testicular cancer is surgery. Almost all people who suffer from this disease must be subjected to this treatment first. This surgical procedure involves removing one or both testicles through an incision in the groin.
If only one testicle is removed the odds are always high in the future, testicular cancer can also affect the left. This is why regular checks are the complications and should be avoided. Surgery may be in combination with radiation therapy or chemotherapy or both
Radiotherapy
Radiation is sometimes used to treat cancer that has spread beyond the testicles. The type of radiation used to treat testicular cancer is external beam radiation.
Treatment with chemotherapy for testicular
Chemotherapy to destroy any remaining cancer cells after surgery is another method for the treatment of testicular cancer. Chemotherapy is used to kill cancer cells outside the testicle. This drug is used by intravenous injection.
Bone Marrow Transplant
This is a relatively new treatment of testicular cancer has shown promising preliminary results. Although this treatment has yielded good results are rarely recommended for chemotherapy also serves a purpose, but was offered a very sophisticated type of testicular cancer.
If only one testicle is removed the odds are always high in the future, testicular cancer can also affect the left. This is why regular checks are the complications and should be avoided. Surgery may be in combination with radiation therapy or chemotherapy or both
Radiotherapy
Radiation is sometimes used to treat cancer that has spread beyond the testicles. The type of radiation used to treat testicular cancer is external beam radiation.
Treatment with chemotherapy for testicular
Chemotherapy to destroy any remaining cancer cells after surgery is another method for the treatment of testicular cancer. Chemotherapy is used to kill cancer cells outside the testicle. This drug is used by intravenous injection.
Bone Marrow Transplant
This is a relatively new treatment of testicular cancer has shown promising preliminary results. Although this treatment has yielded good results are rarely recommended for chemotherapy also serves a purpose, but was offered a very sophisticated type of testicular cancer.
Symptoms Of Testicular Cancer
Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include:
A lump or enlargement in either testicle
Feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
Abdominal pain or groin
A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum
Pain or discomfort in the testicle or scrotum
Enlarged or tender
Unexplained fatigue or a general feeling of not much
The cancer usually affects only one testicle.
A lump or enlargement in either testicle
Feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
Abdominal pain or groin
A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum
Pain or discomfort in the testicle or scrotum
Enlarged or tender
Unexplained fatigue or a general feeling of not much
The cancer usually affects only one testicle.
Causes Of Testicular Cancer
The exact cause of testicular cancer is unknown. There is no relationship between vasectomy and testicular cancer. Factors that may increase the risk of a man for testicular cancer include:
Abnormal testicular development
The history of testicular cancer
The history of undescended testicle
Klinefelter's syndrome
Other possible causes include exposure to certain chemicals and infection with HIV. A family history of testicular cancer may also increase the risk.
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men between 15 and 35. It can occur in older men and, rarely, in young children.
White men are more likely than African-American men and Asian-Americans to develop this type of cancer.
There are two main types of cancer: seminoma and nonseminoma tumors. These cancers develop from germ cells, the cells that produce sperm.
Seminoma: This is a slow growing form of testicular cancer in men is usually in the 30s and 40s. The cancer is usually only the testicles, but may spread to the lymph nodes. Seminomas are highly sensitive to radiotherapy.
Nonseminoma: The more common form of testicular cancer tends to grow more quickly than seminomas. Non-seminoma tumors often consist of more than one cell type, and identified according to these different types of cells:
Choriocarcinoma (rare)
Embryonal carcinoma
Teratoma
Yolk sac tumor
It is a rare type of cancer, testicular cancer. They are usually not cancerous. Two main types of stromal tumors are Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli tumors. Stromal tumors usually occur during childhood.
Abnormal testicular development
The history of testicular cancer
The history of undescended testicle
Klinefelter's syndrome
Other possible causes include exposure to certain chemicals and infection with HIV. A family history of testicular cancer may also increase the risk.
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men between 15 and 35. It can occur in older men and, rarely, in young children.
White men are more likely than African-American men and Asian-Americans to develop this type of cancer.
There are two main types of cancer: seminoma and nonseminoma tumors. These cancers develop from germ cells, the cells that produce sperm.
Seminoma: This is a slow growing form of testicular cancer in men is usually in the 30s and 40s. The cancer is usually only the testicles, but may spread to the lymph nodes. Seminomas are highly sensitive to radiotherapy.
Nonseminoma: The more common form of testicular cancer tends to grow more quickly than seminomas. Non-seminoma tumors often consist of more than one cell type, and identified according to these different types of cells:
Choriocarcinoma (rare)
Embryonal carcinoma
Teratoma
Yolk sac tumor
It is a rare type of cancer, testicular cancer. They are usually not cancerous. Two main types of stromal tumors are Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli tumors. Stromal tumors usually occur during childhood.
Testicular Cancer Overview
 | ||
| TESTICULAR CANCER |
Testis is the male sexual organ of the male genitalia. This usually produces testosterone.
This type is considered one of the most common cancers in young men.
Testicular cancer is a disease that occurs when abnormal cells in the testes (testicles) begin to grow uncontrollably.
Testicular cancer is very large opportunity to improve the condition, if detected early. This is not the case in all cases. Many cases are not detected until they cause is much denial and stigma that stops men of stone to tell its early stages.
Prevention Of Thyroid Cancer
Doctors are not sure what causes most cases of thyroid cancer, there is no way to prevent thyroid cancer in people at average risk of the disease.
Prevention in people at high risk
People with a genetic mutation that increases the risk of hereditary medullary thyroid cancer may choose not to prevent thyroid cancer (prophylactic thyroidectomy). Discuss the options with a genetic counselor, which may explain the risk of thyroid cancer and treatment options.
Preventing people close to nuclear facilities
The fallout from an accident at a nuclear plant can cause thyroid cancer in people who live nearby. If you live within 10 miles of the nuclear power plant, you may be eligible for a drug (potassium iodide), which blocks the effect of radiation on the thyroid. If an emergency occurs, you and your family take potassium iodide tablets to help prevent thyroid cancer.
Prevention in people at high risk
People with a genetic mutation that increases the risk of hereditary medullary thyroid cancer may choose not to prevent thyroid cancer (prophylactic thyroidectomy). Discuss the options with a genetic counselor, which may explain the risk of thyroid cancer and treatment options.
Preventing people close to nuclear facilities
The fallout from an accident at a nuclear plant can cause thyroid cancer in people who live nearby. If you live within 10 miles of the nuclear power plant, you may be eligible for a drug (potassium iodide), which blocks the effect of radiation on the thyroid. If an emergency occurs, you and your family take potassium iodide tablets to help prevent thyroid cancer.
Treatment Of Thyroid Cancer
Your options for the treatment of thyroid cancer depends on the type and stage of thyroid cancer, your health and your preferences.
In most cases, thyroid cancer can be improved by the treatment.
Surgery
Most people with thyroid cancer surgery to remove all or most of the thyroid. Operations used to treat thyroid cancer are:
Delete all or most of the thyroid (thyroidectomy). Surgery to remove the entire thyroid is the most common treatment for thyroid cancer. In most cases, the surgeon makes small rim of thyroid tissue around the parathyroid glands to reduce the risk of damage to parathyroid glands. Sometimes surgeons call a near-total thyroidectomy.
Removal of lymph nodes in the neck. When you remove the thyroid, the surgeon may remove the enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and test them for cancer cells.
Thyroid surgery is performed by making an incision in the skin at the base of your neck. Thyroid surgery has a risk of bleeding and infection. Damage may occur to the parathyroid glands during surgery, later, leading to low levels of calcium in your body. There is also a risk of accidental damage to the nerves connected to your vocal cords, which can cause vocal cord paralysis, hoarseness, soft voice, or trouble breathing.
Thyroid hormones
After surgery for thyroid cancer, taking medication for thyroid hormone levothyroxine (Levothroid, Synthroid, others) for life. This pill has two advantages: it provides the missing hormone is normally produces thyroid, and suppresses the production of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in pituitary gland. High levels of TSH may stimulate remaining cancer cells to grow.
You will probably have blood tests to check your thyroid hormone levels every few months until your doctor finds the right dose for you.
Radioactive iodine
Radioactive iodine treatment uses high doses of a form of iodine that is radioactive. Treatment with radioactive iodine is often used after a thyroidectomy to destroy any thyroid tissue remaining in good health, and areas of microscopic thyroid cancer, which was not removed during surgery. Treatment with radioactive iodine can also be used to treat thyroid cancer returning after treatment, or spreads to other areas of the body.
Radioactive iodine therapy comes as a capsule or liquid that you swallow. Radioactive iodine is taken especially for the cells of the thyroid and thyroid cancer cells, it is low without damaging other cells in the body.
Side effects may include:
Nausea
Dry mouth
Dry eyes
Altered taste or smell
Pain with thyroid cancer cells have spread, like the neck or chest
Most of the radioactive iodine leaves your body in the urine during the first days after treatment. Meanwhile, give instructions for precautions to take to protect others from radiation. For example, you may be asked to temporarily avoid close contact with other people, especially children and pregnant women.
External radiation therapy
Radiation therapy may also be administered topically with a machine that seeks high-energy beams, the exact points of the body. Called by external radiation therapy, this treatment is usually given a few minutes at a time, five days a week, about six weeks. During treatment, you are still on the table when the car moves. External beam radiation therapy is used usually used to treat thyroid cancer that has spread to the bones.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a medical treatment that uses chemicals to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is usually given by infusion into a vein. The chemicals travel through the body and kill rapidly growing cells, including cancer cells.
Chemotherapy is not commonly used in the treatment of thyroid cancer, but may benefit some people who do not respond to other, more standard treatment.
In most cases, thyroid cancer can be improved by the treatment.
Surgery
Most people with thyroid cancer surgery to remove all or most of the thyroid. Operations used to treat thyroid cancer are:
Delete all or most of the thyroid (thyroidectomy). Surgery to remove the entire thyroid is the most common treatment for thyroid cancer. In most cases, the surgeon makes small rim of thyroid tissue around the parathyroid glands to reduce the risk of damage to parathyroid glands. Sometimes surgeons call a near-total thyroidectomy.
Removal of lymph nodes in the neck. When you remove the thyroid, the surgeon may remove the enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and test them for cancer cells.
Thyroid surgery is performed by making an incision in the skin at the base of your neck. Thyroid surgery has a risk of bleeding and infection. Damage may occur to the parathyroid glands during surgery, later, leading to low levels of calcium in your body. There is also a risk of accidental damage to the nerves connected to your vocal cords, which can cause vocal cord paralysis, hoarseness, soft voice, or trouble breathing.
Thyroid hormones
After surgery for thyroid cancer, taking medication for thyroid hormone levothyroxine (Levothroid, Synthroid, others) for life. This pill has two advantages: it provides the missing hormone is normally produces thyroid, and suppresses the production of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in pituitary gland. High levels of TSH may stimulate remaining cancer cells to grow.
You will probably have blood tests to check your thyroid hormone levels every few months until your doctor finds the right dose for you.
Radioactive iodine
Radioactive iodine treatment uses high doses of a form of iodine that is radioactive. Treatment with radioactive iodine is often used after a thyroidectomy to destroy any thyroid tissue remaining in good health, and areas of microscopic thyroid cancer, which was not removed during surgery. Treatment with radioactive iodine can also be used to treat thyroid cancer returning after treatment, or spreads to other areas of the body.
Radioactive iodine therapy comes as a capsule or liquid that you swallow. Radioactive iodine is taken especially for the cells of the thyroid and thyroid cancer cells, it is low without damaging other cells in the body.
Side effects may include:
Nausea
Dry mouth
Dry eyes
Altered taste or smell
Pain with thyroid cancer cells have spread, like the neck or chest
Most of the radioactive iodine leaves your body in the urine during the first days after treatment. Meanwhile, give instructions for precautions to take to protect others from radiation. For example, you may be asked to temporarily avoid close contact with other people, especially children and pregnant women.
External radiation therapy
Radiation therapy may also be administered topically with a machine that seeks high-energy beams, the exact points of the body. Called by external radiation therapy, this treatment is usually given a few minutes at a time, five days a week, about six weeks. During treatment, you are still on the table when the car moves. External beam radiation therapy is used usually used to treat thyroid cancer that has spread to the bones.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a medical treatment that uses chemicals to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is usually given by infusion into a vein. The chemicals travel through the body and kill rapidly growing cells, including cancer cells.
Chemotherapy is not commonly used in the treatment of thyroid cancer, but may benefit some people who do not respond to other, more standard treatment.
Symptoms Of Thyroid Cancer
As with other types of thyroid cancer cancer symptoms or signs of thyroid cancer is not clear in the early stage. As the cancer grows, a small lump or nodule may be felt in the neck.
The vast majority of thyroid nodules are caused by benign conditions, but about one percent of these lumps represent the early stages of thyroid cancer. If the cancer spreads, it can cause symptoms that include:
The first and most important symptom of thyroid cancer is that swallowing becomes a problem
You can really significant throat pain
Difficulty speaking, or change in normal voice
Hoarseness in the voice that does not improve and is not associated with a cold.
As a cough that persists and is not associated with a cold.
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck or expansion
Sore throat and / or neck, sometimes spreading up to your ears
A bump sometimes grow quickly in the bottom of the neck
Fixed the rest of the neck
Fixed or lump, is in front of the neck near the Adam's apple;
Breathing problems
Sometimes, constant wheezing can also be a symptom of thyroid cancer.
These symptoms thyroid cancer are not sure signs of thyroid cancer. Other factors, including the thyroid nodule Benin, infection or inflammation of the thyroid gland and a benign thyroid gland (goiter) can cause similar problems, all is very processed. But anyone with these symptoms should consult a doctor as soon as possible.
Remember, 99% of thyroid nodules are benign, but only your doctor can determine if the neck of a person is a piece of the tumor or not. Although the symptoms of thyroid cancer may cause other less serious illnesses, which may be harmless.
The vast majority of thyroid nodules are caused by benign conditions, but about one percent of these lumps represent the early stages of thyroid cancer. If the cancer spreads, it can cause symptoms that include:
The first and most important symptom of thyroid cancer is that swallowing becomes a problem
You can really significant throat pain
Difficulty speaking, or change in normal voice
Hoarseness in the voice that does not improve and is not associated with a cold.
As a cough that persists and is not associated with a cold.
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck or expansion
Sore throat and / or neck, sometimes spreading up to your ears
A bump sometimes grow quickly in the bottom of the neck
Fixed the rest of the neck
Fixed or lump, is in front of the neck near the Adam's apple;
Breathing problems
Sometimes, constant wheezing can also be a symptom of thyroid cancer.
These symptoms thyroid cancer are not sure signs of thyroid cancer. Other factors, including the thyroid nodule Benin, infection or inflammation of the thyroid gland and a benign thyroid gland (goiter) can cause similar problems, all is very processed. But anyone with these symptoms should consult a doctor as soon as possible.
Remember, 99% of thyroid nodules are benign, but only your doctor can determine if the neck of a person is a piece of the tumor or not. Although the symptoms of thyroid cancer may cause other less serious illnesses, which may be harmless.
Causes Of Thyroid Cancer
It is not clear what causes thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer occurs when cells of the thyroid are genetic changes (mutations). The mutations allow the cells to grow and multiply rapidly. The cells also lose the chance to die, because the cells would be normal. Accumulated abnormal thyroid cells form a tumor. Abnormal cells can invade nearby tissues and can spread throughout the body.
Types of thyroid cancer
The type of thyroid cancer determines the treatment and prognosis. Types of thyroid cancer are:
Papillary thyroid cancer. The type of papillary thyroid cancer is most common, constituting about 80 percent of all diagnoses of thyroid cancer.
Follicular thyroid cancer. Follicular thyroid cancer in Hurthle cell carcinoma.
Medullary thyroid cancer. Medullary thyroid carcinoma may be associated with inherited genetic syndromes, including tumors in other glands. However, the majority of medullary thyroid cancer are sporadic, meaning that they are not linked to inherited genetic syndromes.
Anaplastic cancer of the thyroid. The type of anaplastic thyroid cancer is very rare, very aggressive and difficult to treat.
Thyroid lymphoma. Thyroid lymphoma begins in the cells of the immune system in the thyroid. Thyroid lymphoma is very rare.
Types of thyroid cancer
The type of thyroid cancer determines the treatment and prognosis. Types of thyroid cancer are:
Papillary thyroid cancer. The type of papillary thyroid cancer is most common, constituting about 80 percent of all diagnoses of thyroid cancer.
Follicular thyroid cancer. Follicular thyroid cancer in Hurthle cell carcinoma.
Medullary thyroid cancer. Medullary thyroid carcinoma may be associated with inherited genetic syndromes, including tumors in other glands. However, the majority of medullary thyroid cancer are sporadic, meaning that they are not linked to inherited genetic syndromes.
Anaplastic cancer of the thyroid. The type of anaplastic thyroid cancer is very rare, very aggressive and difficult to treat.
Thyroid lymphoma. Thyroid lymphoma begins in the cells of the immune system in the thyroid. Thyroid lymphoma is very rare.
Thyroid Cancer Overview
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| THYROID CANCER |
Although thyroid cancer is rare in the United States, rates appear to be increasing. Doctors think it's because the new technology is allowing them to detect small thyroid cancer have not been found in the past.
In most cases, thyroid cancer can be improved by the treatment.
Prevention Of Pancreatic Cancer
Although there is no proven way to prevent pancreatic cancer, you can take steps to reduce your risk include:
Quit smoking. If you smoke, stop. Talk to your doctor about strategies to help you quit, including support groups, medications and therapy of nicotine replacement. If you do not smoke, do not start.
Maintain a healthy weight. If you currently have a healthy weight, work to maintain it. If you need to lose weight, aim for a slow steady weight loss - 1 or 2 pounds (0.5 or 1 kg) per week. Combine daily exercise with a diet rich in vegetables, fruits and whole grains with smaller portions to help you lose weight.
Physical activity most days of the week. Try 30 minutes of exercise most days. If you are not used to exercising, start slowly and work up to the goal.
Choose a healthy diet. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables and whole grains can help reduce cancer risk.
Quit smoking. If you smoke, stop. Talk to your doctor about strategies to help you quit, including support groups, medications and therapy of nicotine replacement. If you do not smoke, do not start.
Maintain a healthy weight. If you currently have a healthy weight, work to maintain it. If you need to lose weight, aim for a slow steady weight loss - 1 or 2 pounds (0.5 or 1 kg) per week. Combine daily exercise with a diet rich in vegetables, fruits and whole grains with smaller portions to help you lose weight.
Physical activity most days of the week. Try 30 minutes of exercise most days. If you are not used to exercising, start slowly and work up to the goal.
Choose a healthy diet. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables and whole grains can help reduce cancer risk.
Treatment Of Pancreatic Cancer
You can go to one of the pancreatic cancer treatments available for cancer treatment.
The malignant tumor of the pancreas known as pancreatic cancer. This disease is called "silent" because it rarely shows symptoms at an early stage.
The symptoms of pancreatic cancer reported in the post is also wrong to those caused by other disorders or diseases.
For example, when a tumor to prevent the common bile duct and pass into the bile duct, the skin and whites of the eyes may become yellow jaundice.
The method of treatment of pancreatic cancer chosen depends entirely on the patient's condition and stage of cancer. The various standard methods or treatments for pancreatic cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy and biological. These results pancreatic cancer treatment vary from person to person.
Pancreatic Cancer Surgery
This method of treatment of pancreatic cancer is often used in patients in phase I cancer. For diagnosis, only about 20% of pancreatic tumors removed by surgery. Also part of the pancreas removed by resection.
The standard procedure for the surgical treatment of cancer of the pancreas called the Whipple procedure, which is a wider form of surgery. This eliminates the pancreas and surrounding areas from time to time until the entire pancreas can be removed as well as other organs in advanced stages of disease.
Before or after surgery to other treatment methods for pancreatic cancer such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used to increase the chances of survival.
Radiotherapy
The method of treatment that uses high-power radiation is radiation therapy. These rays can help reduce or kill cancer cells. They focus on specific sectors or the region through the machine. There have been attempts to minimize damage to healthy cells.
Although radiotherapy is not given to the whole body and chemotherapy patients become weak in spite of treatment is located. This effect is due to the side effects are temporary, however.
Pancreatic cancer immunotherapy with biological or
This form of therapy involves using drugs to enhance the natural body's immune system (its ability to fight against the disease). Examples of these drugs are interferon and monoclonal antibodies. They work with the body's immune system to block the growth of cancer cells. Biological treatment can be used alone or in combination with other therapies.
Chemotherapy
Pancreatic cancer at an advanced stage to extend to various other organs or regions in these cases surgery is not the only solution. For example, when the disease has made its way into the left liver to treat cancer is chemotherapy.
The standard method for the treatment of pancreatic cancer using anti-cancer drugs to control the spread of the disease and to kill or reduce the cancer cells and release the bile duct obstruction by the tumor also used to relieve symptoms such that pain. A combination of drugs can be used in this treatment.
Immunotherapy
Besides the above methods the standard treatment for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy can also be used. Although side effects in some patients are relieved to have symptoms and helped control the spread of the disease.
Side effects of this treatment for pancreatic cancer include those that are very similar to the flu such as fever, pain, weakness, fatigue and chills. In some patients, some skin problems are also experienced.
The malignant tumor of the pancreas known as pancreatic cancer. This disease is called "silent" because it rarely shows symptoms at an early stage.
The symptoms of pancreatic cancer reported in the post is also wrong to those caused by other disorders or diseases.
For example, when a tumor to prevent the common bile duct and pass into the bile duct, the skin and whites of the eyes may become yellow jaundice.
The method of treatment of pancreatic cancer chosen depends entirely on the patient's condition and stage of cancer. The various standard methods or treatments for pancreatic cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy and biological. These results pancreatic cancer treatment vary from person to person.
Pancreatic Cancer Surgery
This method of treatment of pancreatic cancer is often used in patients in phase I cancer. For diagnosis, only about 20% of pancreatic tumors removed by surgery. Also part of the pancreas removed by resection.
The standard procedure for the surgical treatment of cancer of the pancreas called the Whipple procedure, which is a wider form of surgery. This eliminates the pancreas and surrounding areas from time to time until the entire pancreas can be removed as well as other organs in advanced stages of disease.
Before or after surgery to other treatment methods for pancreatic cancer such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used to increase the chances of survival.
Radiotherapy
The method of treatment that uses high-power radiation is radiation therapy. These rays can help reduce or kill cancer cells. They focus on specific sectors or the region through the machine. There have been attempts to minimize damage to healthy cells.
Although radiotherapy is not given to the whole body and chemotherapy patients become weak in spite of treatment is located. This effect is due to the side effects are temporary, however.
Pancreatic cancer immunotherapy with biological or
This form of therapy involves using drugs to enhance the natural body's immune system (its ability to fight against the disease). Examples of these drugs are interferon and monoclonal antibodies. They work with the body's immune system to block the growth of cancer cells. Biological treatment can be used alone or in combination with other therapies.
Chemotherapy
Pancreatic cancer at an advanced stage to extend to various other organs or regions in these cases surgery is not the only solution. For example, when the disease has made its way into the left liver to treat cancer is chemotherapy.
The standard method for the treatment of pancreatic cancer using anti-cancer drugs to control the spread of the disease and to kill or reduce the cancer cells and release the bile duct obstruction by the tumor also used to relieve symptoms such that pain. A combination of drugs can be used in this treatment.
Immunotherapy
Besides the above methods the standard treatment for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy can also be used. Although side effects in some patients are relieved to have symptoms and helped control the spread of the disease.
Side effects of this treatment for pancreatic cancer include those that are very similar to the flu such as fever, pain, weakness, fatigue and chills. In some patients, some skin problems are also experienced.
Symptoms Of Pancreatic Cancer
The diagnosis of this disease is usually delayed because symptoms are nonspecific. No symptoms of pancreatic cancer are presented in the early phase of the disease. Jaundice, which causes yellowing of the skin, is present in approximately 50% of patients at diagnosis, and may be associated with less advanced disease.
Other symptoms of pancreatic cancer or signs of pancreatic cancer are:
Unintentional weight loss
Fatigue, weakness or fatigue
Discomfort in the abdomen
Poor appetite or anorexia
Glucose intolerance
In addition to the above symptoms of pancreatic cancer patient may also experience pain in the abdomen and back. Due to the overproduction of insulin in the pancreas of possible symptoms may include dizziness, weakness, diarrhea, chills or muscle spasms. The symptoms of pancreatic cancer are presented only at a late hour to be silent during the initial phase.
Other symptoms of pancreatic cancer or signs of pancreatic cancer are:
Unintentional weight loss
Fatigue, weakness or fatigue
Discomfort in the abdomen
Poor appetite or anorexia
Glucose intolerance
In addition to the above symptoms of pancreatic cancer patient may also experience pain in the abdomen and back. Due to the overproduction of insulin in the pancreas of possible symptoms may include dizziness, weakness, diarrhea, chills or muscle spasms. The symptoms of pancreatic cancer are presented only at a late hour to be silent during the initial phase.
Causes Of Pancreatic Cancer
The most important known risk factors for cancer of the pancreas are the following:
Smoke
Advanced age
Male - male to female ratio of pancreatic cancer is 1.3:1.
Chronic pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas, often excessive alcohol intake or gallstones
Diabetes mellitus
Familial predisposition to pancreatic cancer
Smoke
Advanced age
Male - male to female ratio of pancreatic cancer is 1.3:1.
Chronic pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas, often excessive alcohol intake or gallstones
Diabetes mellitus
Familial predisposition to pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic Cancer Overview
 |
| Pancreatic Cancer |
This problem occurs because the tumor prevents the bile duct, and then go into the bile duct, the bile pigment called bilirubin in the urine can be accumulated.
Tuesday, 2 August 2011
Prevention Of Ovarian Cancer
There's no sure way to prevent ovarian cancer. But you may be able to reduce your risk of ovarian cancer if you:
- Consider taking birth control pills. Ask your doctor whether birth control pills may be right for you. Women who use oral contraceptives may have a reduced risk of ovarian cancer. But oral contraceptives do have risks, so discuss whether the benefits outweigh those risks based on your situation.
- Discuss your risk factors with your doctor. If you have a family history of breast and ovarian cancers, bring this up with your doctor. Your doctor can determine what this may mean for your own risk of cancer. In some cases, your doctor may refer you to a genetic counselor who can help you decide whether genetic testing may be right for you. If you're found to have a gene mutation that increases your risk of ovarian cancer, you may consider surgery to remove your ovaries to prevent cancer.
Treatment Of Ovarian Cancer
Treatment of ovarian cancer usually involves a combination of surgery and chemotherapy.
Surgery
Treatment of ovarian cancer usually involves a major operation involving the removal of both ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus, as well as nearby lymph nodes and a fold of abdominal adipose tissue called the omentum, where the Ovarian cancer often spreads. The surgeon also removes the cancer as possible from their abdomen (tumor reduction surgery).
Less extensive surgery may be possible if ovarian cancer is diagnosed at an early stage. For women with ovarian cancer stage I, surgery may be the elimination of one of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. This procedure can preserve the ability to have children in the future.
Chemotherapy
After surgery, most likely be treated with chemotherapy - drugs designed to kill remaining cancer cells. Chemotherapy can also be used as initial therapy in some women with advanced ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy drugs can be administered into a vein (intravenously) or injected directly into the abdominal cavity, or both methods of drug administration can be used. Chemotherapy drugs can be administered alone or in combination.
Surgery
Treatment of ovarian cancer usually involves a major operation involving the removal of both ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus, as well as nearby lymph nodes and a fold of abdominal adipose tissue called the omentum, where the Ovarian cancer often spreads. The surgeon also removes the cancer as possible from their abdomen (tumor reduction surgery).
Less extensive surgery may be possible if ovarian cancer is diagnosed at an early stage. For women with ovarian cancer stage I, surgery may be the elimination of one of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. This procedure can preserve the ability to have children in the future.
Chemotherapy
After surgery, most likely be treated with chemotherapy - drugs designed to kill remaining cancer cells. Chemotherapy can also be used as initial therapy in some women with advanced ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy drugs can be administered into a vein (intravenously) or injected directly into the abdominal cavity, or both methods of drug administration can be used. Chemotherapy drugs can be administered alone or in combination.
Symptoms Of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is often called the "silent" murderer, because often no symptoms until the disease has progressed to an advanced stage. A third of American women have some form of cancer during their lifetime and about one and half percent of these cases will be cancer involving one or both ovaries.
Early symptoms of ovarian cancer are often mild, making this disease difficult to detect. Some of the early symptoms may include:
The strange sensation of fullness or discomfort in the pelvic region
Unexplained indigestion, gas, bloating or not relieved by antacids counter
Pain during intercourse
Abnormal bleeding
Swelling and pain in the abdomen
In most cases, these symptoms are not indicative of ovarian cancer. However, if you experience you should discuss with your doctor.
Early detection of ovarian cancer has a cure rate of 90%. Unfortunately, the absence of symptoms of this silent disease meaning that about 75% of cases of ovarian cancer will have spread to the abdomen when they are discovered, and unfortunately, most patients die within five years.
Early symptoms of ovarian cancer are often mild, making this disease difficult to detect. Some of the early symptoms may include:
The strange sensation of fullness or discomfort in the pelvic region
Unexplained indigestion, gas, bloating or not relieved by antacids counter
Pain during intercourse
Abnormal bleeding
Swelling and pain in the abdomen
In most cases, these symptoms are not indicative of ovarian cancer. However, if you experience you should discuss with your doctor.
Early detection of ovarian cancer has a cure rate of 90%. Unfortunately, the absence of symptoms of this silent disease meaning that about 75% of cases of ovarian cancer will have spread to the abdomen when they are discovered, and unfortunately, most patients die within five years.
Causes Of Ovarian Cancer
Doctors can not always explain why one woman develops ovarian cancer and the other not. However, we know that women with certain risk factors may be more likely than others to develop ovarian cancer. A risk factor is something that can increase the chances of developing a disease.
Studies have shown the following risk factors for ovarian cancer:
Doctors can not always explain why one woman develops ovarian cancer and another does not. But we know that women with certain risk factors may be more likely than others to develop ovarian cancer. A risk factor is anything that may increase the risk of developing a disease.
Family history of cancer: Women who have a mother, daughter or sister with ovarian cancer have an increased risk of disease. In addition, women with a family history of breast, uterus, colon or rectum also may have an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
If several women in a family have ovarian or breast cancer, especially at a young age, this is considered a strong family history. If you have a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, you can talk with a genetic counselor. The counselor may suggest genetic testing for you and the women in his family. Genetic testing can sometimes show the presence of specific genetic changes that increase the risk of ovarian cancer.
More than 55 years: most women are more than 55 years at diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Personal history of cancer: Women with breast cancer, uterus, colon or rectum are at increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Never pregnant: Older women who have never been pregnant have an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Menopausal hormone therapy: Some studies have shown that women who self-estrogen (estrogen without progesterone) for at least 10 years may be at increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Having a risk factor does not mean that the woman has cancer of the ovary. Most women who have risk factors do not have ovarian cancer. Moreover, few women make the disease often have no known risk factors, except age. Women who think they can be at risk for ovarian cancer should discuss with their doctor
Studies have shown the following risk factors for ovarian cancer:
Doctors can not always explain why one woman develops ovarian cancer and another does not. But we know that women with certain risk factors may be more likely than others to develop ovarian cancer. A risk factor is anything that may increase the risk of developing a disease.
Family history of cancer: Women who have a mother, daughter or sister with ovarian cancer have an increased risk of disease. In addition, women with a family history of breast, uterus, colon or rectum also may have an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
If several women in a family have ovarian or breast cancer, especially at a young age, this is considered a strong family history. If you have a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, you can talk with a genetic counselor. The counselor may suggest genetic testing for you and the women in his family. Genetic testing can sometimes show the presence of specific genetic changes that increase the risk of ovarian cancer.
More than 55 years: most women are more than 55 years at diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Personal history of cancer: Women with breast cancer, uterus, colon or rectum are at increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Never pregnant: Older women who have never been pregnant have an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Menopausal hormone therapy: Some studies have shown that women who self-estrogen (estrogen without progesterone) for at least 10 years may be at increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Having a risk factor does not mean that the woman has cancer of the ovary. Most women who have risk factors do not have ovarian cancer. Moreover, few women make the disease often have no known risk factors, except age. Women who think they can be at risk for ovarian cancer should discuss with their doctor
Ovarian Cancer Overview
 |
| OVARIAN CANCER |
Ovarian cancer is often not detected until it has spread to the pelvis and abdomen. In this type of ovarian cancer in advanced stage is difficult to treat and is often fatal.
Prevention Of Prostate Cancer
No special measures are known to prevent the development of prostate cancer. At present, therefore, we hope only to prevent the progression of cancer by providing early diagnosis and then try to cure the disease. Early diagnosis can be done to screen men for prostate cancer with PSA and DRE goal of screening is to detect cancers early, small or even microscopic who are confined to the prostate. Early treatment of these malignancies (cancers) can stop growth and prevent their spread, and possibly cure cancer.
Based on research in animals and humans, a certain diet was suggested to prevent progression of prostate cancer. For example, low fat, particularly avoiding red meat, has been suggested because they are thought to slow the growth of prostate tumors in a manner not yet known. Soy products, which works by reducing testosterone levels in the blood, would also can inhibit the growth of prostate tumors. Finally, other studies show that tomato products (lycopene), selenium and vitamin E may slow the growth of prostate tumors in a not yet understood.
Recently, studies have shown that certain medications (finasteride [Propecia] and dutasteride [Avodart]) reducing the chances of having a prostate cancer when taken long term. These drugs are currently used to reduce the size of the prostate and relieve symptoms associated with benign (not cancerous) prostate cancer. They may have a future role in reducing the risk of developing prostate cancer in men at high risk for the disease.
Based on research in animals and humans, a certain diet was suggested to prevent progression of prostate cancer. For example, low fat, particularly avoiding red meat, has been suggested because they are thought to slow the growth of prostate tumors in a manner not yet known. Soy products, which works by reducing testosterone levels in the blood, would also can inhibit the growth of prostate tumors. Finally, other studies show that tomato products (lycopene), selenium and vitamin E may slow the growth of prostate tumors in a not yet understood.
Recently, studies have shown that certain medications (finasteride [Propecia] and dutasteride [Avodart]) reducing the chances of having a prostate cancer when taken long term. These drugs are currently used to reduce the size of the prostate and relieve symptoms associated with benign (not cancerous) prostate cancer. They may have a future role in reducing the risk of developing prostate cancer in men at high risk for the disease.
Treatment Of Prostate Cancer
The best treatment for prostate cancer may not always be obvious. Sometimes the doctor may recommend a treatment because of what is known about their cancer and its risk factors. Sometimes, your doctor will talk about two or more treatments that could be good for your cancer.
In the early stages, talk to your doctor about various options, including surgery and radiotherapy. Older patients may simply monitor the cancer with PSA tests and biopsies be an option.
Prostate cancer that has spread can be treated with drugs to reduce testosterone levels, surgery to remove the testes, or chemotherapy.
Surgery, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy can interfere with sexual desire or performance. Problems with control of urine is common after surgery and radiotherapy. These problems may improve or worsen over time, according to the treatment. Discuss your concerns with your health care provider.
SURGERY
Surgery is usually only recommended after thorough evaluation and discussion of the benefits and risks of the procedure.
Surgery to remove the prostate gland and some tissue around it is an option when the cancer has not spread beyond the prostate. This surgery is called the prostate. Robotic surgery can also be done.
Possible problems after surgery include urine or feces difficult to control and erection problems.
RADIOTHERAPY
Radiation therapy with high-power X-rays or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells.
Radiation therapy works best for treating prostate cancer that has spread outside the prostate. It can also be used after surgery if there is a risk that cancer cells of the prostate that may still be present. Radiation is sometimes used to relieve pain when cancer has spread to the bone.
External radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to the prostate gland.
It comes in a radiation oncology center is usually connected to a hospital. You will get to the center of the house five days a week for treatment. The treatment lasts 6 to 8 weeks.
Before treatment, a therapist will mark the body part to be treated with a special pen.
The radiation is delivered to the prostate using a device that resembles a normal x-ray machine. The treatment itself is generally painless.
Side effects may include impotence, incontinence, loss of appetite, fatigue, skin reactions, burns or rectal injury, diarrhea, urgency, bladder and blood in the urine.
Prostate brachytherapy involves placing radioactive seeds into the prostate.
A surgeon inserts small needles into the skin behind your scrotum to inject the seeds. The seeds are so small that you can not feel them. They can be temporary or permanent.
Brachytherapy is often used for men with prostate cancer that is smaller at the beginning and is slowly growing.
It can also be administered in combination with external beam radiation therapy for some patients with more advanced cancer.
Side effects include pain, swelling or bruising of the penis or scrotum, red-brown urine, or semen, impotence, incontinence and diarrhea.
Proton therapy is another form of radiation used to treat prostate cancer. Doctors aim proton beams to a tumor, so there is less damage to surrounding tissues.
Hormone Therapy
Testosterone is the male hormone in the body. Prostate tumors require testosterone to grow. Hormone therapy is a treatment that reduces the effect of testosterone on prostate cancer. These treatments can prevent the growth and spread of cancer.
Hormone therapy is used primarily for men whose cancer has spread to relieve the symptoms. There are two types of drugs used in hormone therapy.
The primary type is called luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist
These drugs block the body to produce testosterone. Medications must be administered by injection, usually every 3 to 6 months.
These include leuprolide, goserelin, nafarelin, triptorelin, histrelin, buserelin, and degarelix.
Possible side effects include nausea and vomiting, hot flashes, anemia, lethargy, osteoporosis, decreased sexual desire, decreased muscle mass, weight gain, and impotence.
Other drugs used are called androgen-blockers.
They are often given in combination with the drugs mentioned above.
They include flutamide, bicalutamide and nilutamide.
Possible side effects include erectile dysfunction, loss of sexual desire, liver problems, diarrhea and enlargement of the breasts.
Much of the body's testosterone is made from the testicles. Consequently, the removal of the testicles (orchiectomy called) is also used as a hormonal treatment. This surgery is not done very often.
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are used to treat prostate cancer unresponsive to hormonal treatment. An oncology specialist will usually recommend a single drug or combination of drugs.
MONITORING
After treatment for prostate cancer, will be closely monitored to ensure that the cancer has not spread. This requires a medical check-ups, including serial PSA blood tests (usually every 3 months to 1 year).
In the early stages, talk to your doctor about various options, including surgery and radiotherapy. Older patients may simply monitor the cancer with PSA tests and biopsies be an option.
Prostate cancer that has spread can be treated with drugs to reduce testosterone levels, surgery to remove the testes, or chemotherapy.
Surgery, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy can interfere with sexual desire or performance. Problems with control of urine is common after surgery and radiotherapy. These problems may improve or worsen over time, according to the treatment. Discuss your concerns with your health care provider.
SURGERY
Surgery is usually only recommended after thorough evaluation and discussion of the benefits and risks of the procedure.
Surgery to remove the prostate gland and some tissue around it is an option when the cancer has not spread beyond the prostate. This surgery is called the prostate. Robotic surgery can also be done.
Possible problems after surgery include urine or feces difficult to control and erection problems.
RADIOTHERAPY
Radiation therapy with high-power X-rays or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells.
Radiation therapy works best for treating prostate cancer that has spread outside the prostate. It can also be used after surgery if there is a risk that cancer cells of the prostate that may still be present. Radiation is sometimes used to relieve pain when cancer has spread to the bone.
External radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to the prostate gland.
It comes in a radiation oncology center is usually connected to a hospital. You will get to the center of the house five days a week for treatment. The treatment lasts 6 to 8 weeks.
Before treatment, a therapist will mark the body part to be treated with a special pen.
The radiation is delivered to the prostate using a device that resembles a normal x-ray machine. The treatment itself is generally painless.
Side effects may include impotence, incontinence, loss of appetite, fatigue, skin reactions, burns or rectal injury, diarrhea, urgency, bladder and blood in the urine.
Prostate brachytherapy involves placing radioactive seeds into the prostate.
A surgeon inserts small needles into the skin behind your scrotum to inject the seeds. The seeds are so small that you can not feel them. They can be temporary or permanent.
Brachytherapy is often used for men with prostate cancer that is smaller at the beginning and is slowly growing.
It can also be administered in combination with external beam radiation therapy for some patients with more advanced cancer.
Side effects include pain, swelling or bruising of the penis or scrotum, red-brown urine, or semen, impotence, incontinence and diarrhea.
Proton therapy is another form of radiation used to treat prostate cancer. Doctors aim proton beams to a tumor, so there is less damage to surrounding tissues.
Hormone Therapy
Testosterone is the male hormone in the body. Prostate tumors require testosterone to grow. Hormone therapy is a treatment that reduces the effect of testosterone on prostate cancer. These treatments can prevent the growth and spread of cancer.
Hormone therapy is used primarily for men whose cancer has spread to relieve the symptoms. There are two types of drugs used in hormone therapy.
The primary type is called luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist
These drugs block the body to produce testosterone. Medications must be administered by injection, usually every 3 to 6 months.
These include leuprolide, goserelin, nafarelin, triptorelin, histrelin, buserelin, and degarelix.
Possible side effects include nausea and vomiting, hot flashes, anemia, lethargy, osteoporosis, decreased sexual desire, decreased muscle mass, weight gain, and impotence.
Other drugs used are called androgen-blockers.
They are often given in combination with the drugs mentioned above.
They include flutamide, bicalutamide and nilutamide.
Possible side effects include erectile dysfunction, loss of sexual desire, liver problems, diarrhea and enlargement of the breasts.
Much of the body's testosterone is made from the testicles. Consequently, the removal of the testicles (orchiectomy called) is also used as a hormonal treatment. This surgery is not done very often.
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are used to treat prostate cancer unresponsive to hormonal treatment. An oncology specialist will usually recommend a single drug or combination of drugs.
MONITORING
After treatment for prostate cancer, will be closely monitored to ensure that the cancer has not spread. This requires a medical check-ups, including serial PSA blood tests (usually every 3 months to 1 year).
Symptoms Of Prostate Cancer
PSA blood test is often done for screening men for prostate cancer. Since PSA testing, most prostate cancers are now found before they cause symptoms.
Symptoms may occur throughout the prostate cancer (In most cases, these symptoms are caused by prostate problems, which are not cancerous):
Delayed or slowed start of urine flow
Dribbling or leaking urine, usually after urination
Urine Slow Flow
Eyelet urination, or not being able to empty all the urine
Blood in urine or semen
Bone pain or tenderness, usually in the lower back and pelvic bones (only when the cancer has spread)
Symptoms may occur throughout the prostate cancer (In most cases, these symptoms are caused by prostate problems, which are not cancerous):
Delayed or slowed start of urine flow
Dribbling or leaking urine, usually after urination
Urine Slow Flow
Eyelet urination, or not being able to empty all the urine
Blood in urine or semen
Bone pain or tenderness, usually in the lower back and pelvic bones (only when the cancer has spread)
Causes Of Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death in men of all ages and is the most common cause of cancer death in men over 75 years. Prostate cancer is rarely found in men younger than 40 years.
People who are at higher risk include:
African-American men are also at risk of developing cancer at any age
Men over 60
Men who have a father or brother with prostate cancer
Others at risk include:
Men exposed to Agent Orange exposure
Men who abuse alcohol
Farmers
Men who eat a diet high in fat, especially animal fat
Workers at the tire factory
Painters
Men who were exposed to cadmium
The low number of cases occurs in Japanese men living in Japan (this advantage is lost after a generation to live in the U.S.) and those who do not eat meat (vegetarians).
A problem common to almost all men as they age, an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH). This problem does not increase the risk of prostate cancer.
People who are at higher risk include:
African-American men are also at risk of developing cancer at any age
Men over 60
Men who have a father or brother with prostate cancer
Others at risk include:
Men exposed to Agent Orange exposure
Men who abuse alcohol
Farmers
Men who eat a diet high in fat, especially animal fat
Workers at the tire factory
Painters
Men who were exposed to cadmium
The low number of cases occurs in Japanese men living in Japan (this advantage is lost after a generation to live in the U.S.) and those who do not eat meat (vegetarians).
A problem common to almost all men as they age, an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH). This problem does not increase the risk of prostate cancer.
Prostate Cancer Overview
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| PROSTATE CANCER |
As the cancer advances, however, it can spread from the prostate into surrounding tissues (local spread). In addition, cancer can also metastasize (spread further) through other parts of the body such as bones, lungs and liver. The signs and symptoms, and are more often associated with advanced prostate cancer.
Prevention Of Endometrial Cancer
To reduce the risk of endometrial cancer, we recommend:
Talk to your doctor about the risks of hormone therapy after menopause. If you are considering hormone replacement therapy helps control the symptoms of menopause, talk with your doctor the risks and benefits. If you have not had a hysterectomy, only replace estrogen after menopause may increase the risk of endometrial cancer. When a combination of estrogen and progestin can reduce this risk. Hormone therapy to bring other risks, such as the potential increased risk of breast cancer, in order to assess the benefits and risks with your doctor.
Consider the use of birth control pills. Use of oral contraceptives for at least one year may reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. Risk reduction is designed for several years after stopping the pill. Oral contraceptives have side effects, although we can discuss the benefits and risks with your doctor.
Maintain a healthy weight. Obesity increases the risk of endometrial cancer, then work to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. If you need to lose weight, increase your physical activity and reduce the number of calories you eat each day.
Exercise most days of the week. Incorporate physical activity into your daily routine. Try to exercise 30 minutes most days of the week. If you can exercise more is even better.
Talk to your doctor about the risks of hormone therapy after menopause. If you are considering hormone replacement therapy helps control the symptoms of menopause, talk with your doctor the risks and benefits. If you have not had a hysterectomy, only replace estrogen after menopause may increase the risk of endometrial cancer. When a combination of estrogen and progestin can reduce this risk. Hormone therapy to bring other risks, such as the potential increased risk of breast cancer, in order to assess the benefits and risks with your doctor.
Consider the use of birth control pills. Use of oral contraceptives for at least one year may reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. Risk reduction is designed for several years after stopping the pill. Oral contraceptives have side effects, although we can discuss the benefits and risks with your doctor.
Maintain a healthy weight. Obesity increases the risk of endometrial cancer, then work to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. If you need to lose weight, increase your physical activity and reduce the number of calories you eat each day.
Exercise most days of the week. Incorporate physical activity into your daily routine. Try to exercise 30 minutes most days of the week. If you can exercise more is even better.
Treatment Of Endometrial Cancer
Surgery is the main treatment for endometrial cancer. Other options include the following treatments:
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-radiation (like X-rays) to kill cancer cells. Radiation can be given a beam from a machine outside the body (external radiation) or a small source placed in the body near the tumor (brachytherapy). Radiation can be used in phases II, III and IV, although the decision to use radiation, is based on the extent of disease. Radiotherapy is usually given after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells in the body. Radiation has also replace surgery for women who fail to surgery because of other medical problems. The main side effects of radiation therapy are fatigue, diarrhea, and the frequency and burning on urination, and a local skin reaction at the site of radiotherapy.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells. The advantage is that chemotherapy can attack cancer cells throughout the body. The main disadvantage of chemotherapy side effects may include nausea, hair loss, fatigue, anemia, increased susceptibility to infection, and damage to organs like the kidneys. Chemotherapy is mainly used for advanced endometrial cancer. Even if the chemotherapy does not cause remission in some women, who often return to eat.
Hormone therapy: Hormone therapy is the use of hormones to fight cancer cells. Hormone therapy is generally used in advanced or metastatic endometrial cancer.
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-radiation (like X-rays) to kill cancer cells. Radiation can be given a beam from a machine outside the body (external radiation) or a small source placed in the body near the tumor (brachytherapy). Radiation can be used in phases II, III and IV, although the decision to use radiation, is based on the extent of disease. Radiotherapy is usually given after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells in the body. Radiation has also replace surgery for women who fail to surgery because of other medical problems. The main side effects of radiation therapy are fatigue, diarrhea, and the frequency and burning on urination, and a local skin reaction at the site of radiotherapy.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells. The advantage is that chemotherapy can attack cancer cells throughout the body. The main disadvantage of chemotherapy side effects may include nausea, hair loss, fatigue, anemia, increased susceptibility to infection, and damage to organs like the kidneys. Chemotherapy is mainly used for advanced endometrial cancer. Even if the chemotherapy does not cause remission in some women, who often return to eat.
Hormone therapy: Hormone therapy is the use of hormones to fight cancer cells. Hormone therapy is generally used in advanced or metastatic endometrial cancer.
Symptoms Of Endometrial Cancer
By far the most common symptom of endometrial cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding.
In women who have experienced menopause, any vaginal bleeding is abnormal and should be evaluated by a physician.
In women who have passed menopause or are going through menopause, distinguishing normal bleeding abnormal menstrual bleeding can be difficult. A period of heavier bleeding or more frequent or between periods is sometimes linked to cancer in women who menstruate. During the transition to menopause, shorter periods and frequency should be more distant. All other bleeding should be reported to a doctor.
The following symptoms are much less frequent and generally indicate a fairly advanced cancer:
Pelvic pain
Mass (swelling or a lump sum) is the pelvic area
Weight Loss
In women who have experienced menopause, any vaginal bleeding is abnormal and should be evaluated by a physician.
In women who have passed menopause or are going through menopause, distinguishing normal bleeding abnormal menstrual bleeding can be difficult. A period of heavier bleeding or more frequent or between periods is sometimes linked to cancer in women who menstruate. During the transition to menopause, shorter periods and frequency should be more distant. All other bleeding should be reported to a doctor.
The following symptoms are much less frequent and generally indicate a fairly advanced cancer:
Pelvic pain
Mass (swelling or a lump sum) is the pelvic area
Weight Loss
Causes Of Endometrial Cancer
Endometrial cancer is the most common uterine cancer. Although the exact cause of endometrial cancer, estrogen appears to play an increased role. Estrogen helps stimulate the formation of the endometrium. Studies have shown that a high level of estrogen results in excessive endometrial growth and cancer.
Most of endometrial cancer is the age of 60 and 70 years, but in some cases may occur before the age of 40.
The following factors increase the risk of endometrial cancer:
Diabetes
The estrogen replacement therapy without the use of progesterone
A history of endometrial polyps or other benign tumors of the uterine wall
Infertility (inability to get pregnant)
Infrequent periods
Tamoxifen, a drug for the treatment of breast cancer
Never being pregnant
Obesity
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Starting menstruation at an early age (before age 12)
Starting menopause after age 50
Associated conditions are:
Colon cancer or breast
Gallbladder
Hypertension
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Most of endometrial cancer is the age of 60 and 70 years, but in some cases may occur before the age of 40.
The following factors increase the risk of endometrial cancer:
Diabetes
The estrogen replacement therapy without the use of progesterone
A history of endometrial polyps or other benign tumors of the uterine wall
Infertility (inability to get pregnant)
Infrequent periods
Tamoxifen, a drug for the treatment of breast cancer
Never being pregnant
Obesity
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Starting menstruation at an early age (before age 12)
Starting menopause after age 50
Associated conditions are:
Colon cancer or breast
Gallbladder
Hypertension
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Endometrial Cancer Overview
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| ENDOMETRIAL CANCER |
Endometrial cancer begins in the layer of cells that form the lining (endometrium) in the uterus. Endometrial cancer is called endometrial cancer. Other types of cancer can form in the uterus, but they are much less common than endometrial cancer.
Endometrial cancer is often detected at an early stage, because it often produces abnormal vaginal bleeding, which allows women to see their doctors. If endometrial cancer is detected at an early stage, surgically removing the uterus often eliminates all cancers.
Prevention Of Esophageal Cancer
ou can take steps to reduce the risk of esophageal cancer. For example:
Stop smoking or chewing tobacco. If you smoke or use chewing tobacco, talk to your doctor about strategies to quit smoking. Medications and counseling are available to help you quit smoking. If you do not use tobacco, do not start.
Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. If you drink, limit yourself to no more than one drink per day for women or two drinks per day if you are a man.
Eat more fruits and vegetables. Add a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables in your diet.
Maintain a healthy weight. If you are overweight or obese, talk to your doctor with the strategies that will help you lose weight. Try a slow and steady loss of 1 pound or 2 a week.
Stop smoking or chewing tobacco. If you smoke or use chewing tobacco, talk to your doctor about strategies to quit smoking. Medications and counseling are available to help you quit smoking. If you do not use tobacco, do not start.
Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. If you drink, limit yourself to no more than one drink per day for women or two drinks per day if you are a man.
Eat more fruits and vegetables. Add a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables in your diet.
Maintain a healthy weight. If you are overweight or obese, talk to your doctor with the strategies that will help you lose weight. Try a slow and steady loss of 1 pound or 2 a week.
Treatment Of Esophageal Cancer
Treatment of esophageal cancer varies by type, location and stage of cancer and age, general health and personal preferences of the patient.
There are many other methods of treatment of esophageal cancer, with the exception of standard therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation to blunt the impact of symptoms (symptoms of esophageal cancer) disease, to control the spread of the disease and increase the life of the patient and provide a better life to live is a goal of esophageal cancer. Most often a combination of treatments work well for better care.
Surgery
Surgery is the treatment of esophageal cancer the most common, either as a therapy for the cancer itself or as a way to relieve symptoms, especially hard to swallow. Surgery is also recommended if abnormal cells are very consistent, occurring with Barrett's esophagus.
Depending on the nature of the esophagus, the operation can be performed in one of two ways, as surgery for esophagectomy in which the stomach is not involved, only a portion of the esophagus and remove the other is to esophageal which removes part of the esophagus and nearby lymph nodes and the top of the stomach as well. This method is chosen when the disease is advanced.
The esophageal cancer treated with chemotherapy
Chemotherapy There are two types of regional and systemic chemotherapy. The first is the process by which drugs are used, either orally or intramuscularly, or intravenously, which is to transport the drug throughout the body via the bloodstream.
The latter is administered in the spinal column, an organ or a body cavity such as the abdomen, so that the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas.
In both cases, chemotherapy may help reduce the cancer, when administered before surgery and radiation therapy after surgery may not be able to perform, or to provide after surgery to relieve symptoms of advanced cases . In some cases, chemotherapy can be administered before and after surgery as well as the needs and conditions, and stage of cancer.
Radiotherapy treatment of esophageal cancer
The most common type of radiation therapy used in combination with chemotherapy is external beam radiation five days a week for five to seven weeks. This method of treatment of esophageal cancer contributes to help the patient improve the swallowing process.
This method of esophageal cancer treatment results in side effects, but these are not permanent and decreased over time.
There are many other methods of treatment of esophageal cancer, with the exception of standard therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation to blunt the impact of symptoms (symptoms of esophageal cancer) disease, to control the spread of the disease and increase the life of the patient and provide a better life to live is a goal of esophageal cancer. Most often a combination of treatments work well for better care.
Surgery
Surgery is the treatment of esophageal cancer the most common, either as a therapy for the cancer itself or as a way to relieve symptoms, especially hard to swallow. Surgery is also recommended if abnormal cells are very consistent, occurring with Barrett's esophagus.
Depending on the nature of the esophagus, the operation can be performed in one of two ways, as surgery for esophagectomy in which the stomach is not involved, only a portion of the esophagus and remove the other is to esophageal which removes part of the esophagus and nearby lymph nodes and the top of the stomach as well. This method is chosen when the disease is advanced.
The esophageal cancer treated with chemotherapy
Chemotherapy There are two types of regional and systemic chemotherapy. The first is the process by which drugs are used, either orally or intramuscularly, or intravenously, which is to transport the drug throughout the body via the bloodstream.
The latter is administered in the spinal column, an organ or a body cavity such as the abdomen, so that the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas.
In both cases, chemotherapy may help reduce the cancer, when administered before surgery and radiation therapy after surgery may not be able to perform, or to provide after surgery to relieve symptoms of advanced cases . In some cases, chemotherapy can be administered before and after surgery as well as the needs and conditions, and stage of cancer.
Radiotherapy treatment of esophageal cancer
The most common type of radiation therapy used in combination with chemotherapy is external beam radiation five days a week for five to seven weeks. This method of treatment of esophageal cancer contributes to help the patient improve the swallowing process.
This method of esophageal cancer treatment results in side effects, but these are not permanent and decreased over time.
Symptoms Of Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer symptoms or signs of esophageal cancer in the early stages of the disease is very unusual and very rare, because the disease is unpredictable. Symptoms of esophageal cancer did not appear in either the early or who have discovered, when the disease reaches an advanced stage. Some of the symptoms of esophageal cancer are:
Pain or difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). This is only expected or less sense than the tumor grows so large that it covers almost half of the passage of the esophagus that makes it very difficult to swallow.
Severe, unintentional weight loss
Sore throat
The pain behind the breastbone.
Discomfort or burning behind the sternum.
Hoarseness, chronic cough and sometimes coughing up blood. Symptoms of esophageal cancer do not usually appear until the cancer is in its advanced stage.
Indigestion and heartburn can also be marked and cancer in the form of esophageal symptoms.
It should be noted that these and other symptoms may be caused by esophageal cancer or other conditions that are less severe esophageal cancer. Therefore, it is proposed that a doctor should be consulted to forget what can be possible symptoms of esophageal cancer as well.
Pain or difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). This is only expected or less sense than the tumor grows so large that it covers almost half of the passage of the esophagus that makes it very difficult to swallow.
Severe, unintentional weight loss
Sore throat
The pain behind the breastbone.
Discomfort or burning behind the sternum.
Hoarseness, chronic cough and sometimes coughing up blood. Symptoms of esophageal cancer do not usually appear until the cancer is in its advanced stage.
Indigestion and heartburn can also be marked and cancer in the form of esophageal symptoms.
It should be noted that these and other symptoms may be caused by esophageal cancer or other conditions that are less severe esophageal cancer. Therefore, it is proposed that a doctor should be consulted to forget what can be possible symptoms of esophageal cancer as well.
Causes Of Esophageal Cancer
It is not clear what causes esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer occurs when cells of the esophagus develops errors (mutations) in their DNA. Errors make the cells grow and divide without control. Stored in the form of abnormal cells in the growth of the tumor in the esophagus that can invade nearby structures to grow and spread to other parts of the body.
Esophageal cancers
Esophageal cancer is classified by the type of cells that are involved. The type of esophageal cancer has help determine your treatment options. Types of esophageal cancer are:
Adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma begins in the cells of mucus-secreting glands in the esophagus. Adenocarcinoma usually occurs in the lower esophagus. Adenocarcinoma is the most common form of esophageal cancer in the United States, affecting mostly white males.
Squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cells are flat cells that line the surface of the esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma is more common in the middle of the esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common esophageal cancer worldwide.
Other rare. Choriocarcinoma is a rare cancer of the esophagus, lymphoma, melanoma, sarcoma and small cell lung cancer.
Esophageal cancers
Esophageal cancer is classified by the type of cells that are involved. The type of esophageal cancer has help determine your treatment options. Types of esophageal cancer are:
Adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma begins in the cells of mucus-secreting glands in the esophagus. Adenocarcinoma usually occurs in the lower esophagus. Adenocarcinoma is the most common form of esophageal cancer in the United States, affecting mostly white males.
Squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cells are flat cells that line the surface of the esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma is more common in the middle of the esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common esophageal cancer worldwide.
Other rare. Choriocarcinoma is a rare cancer of the esophagus, lymphoma, melanoma, sarcoma and small cell lung cancer.
Esophageal Cancer Overview
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| ESOPHAGEAL CANCER |
Esophageal cancer usually begins in cells that line into the esophagus. Esophageal cancer can occur anywhere in the esophagus, but people in the United States, occurs most often at the base of the esophagus. More men than women fall ill with esophageal cancer.
Esophageal cancer is uncommon in the United States. In other parts of the world such as Asia and parts of Africa, cancer of the esophagus is much more common.
Prevention Of Colon Cancer
Your best prevention is to detect colon cancer and treat it early in his training. People who have regular screening for colon cancer, including fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy and polyp removal, significantly reduce their risk of developing colorectal carcinoma.
Other things you can do to reduce the risk are as follows:
Quit smoking. Cigarette smoking was clearly associated with an increased risk of colon cancer (and many other factors).
Take an aspirin or baby aspirin every day. Because of the potential side effects is not recommended for everyone. Talk to your healthcare provider.
Take a safe dose of folic acid (eg 1 mg) daily.
Physical activity every day.
Eat a wide variety of fruits and vegetables every day.
These techniques will be used:
Fecal occult blood test every year combined with flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
The barium enema every 5-10 years Double-contrast
Colonoscopy every 10 years, colonoscopy remains the most sensitive test to detect colon polyps and tumors.
Once polyps are identified, should be eliminated. After you have had polyps or polyps, you should start having colonoscopies more often.
Appropriate persons preventive screening in ulcerative colitis are as follows:
Colonoscopy every 1-2 years in the following cases:
If you know you have the disease 7-8 years
If the cancer involves the entire colon
Beginning 12-15 years after diagnosis of ulcerative left
Random biopsies of the colon during colonoscopy is
People who have ulcerative colitis, biopsies show that premalignant changes should make the surgical removal of their colon.
Other things you can do to reduce the risk are as follows:
Quit smoking. Cigarette smoking was clearly associated with an increased risk of colon cancer (and many other factors).
Take an aspirin or baby aspirin every day. Because of the potential side effects is not recommended for everyone. Talk to your healthcare provider.
Take a safe dose of folic acid (eg 1 mg) daily.
Physical activity every day.
Eat a wide variety of fruits and vegetables every day.
These techniques will be used:
Fecal occult blood test every year combined with flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
The barium enema every 5-10 years Double-contrast
Colonoscopy every 10 years, colonoscopy remains the most sensitive test to detect colon polyps and tumors.
Once polyps are identified, should be eliminated. After you have had polyps or polyps, you should start having colonoscopies more often.
Appropriate persons preventive screening in ulcerative colitis are as follows:
Colonoscopy every 1-2 years in the following cases:
If you know you have the disease 7-8 years
If the cancer involves the entire colon
Beginning 12-15 years after diagnosis of ulcerative left
Random biopsies of the colon during colonoscopy is
People who have ulcerative colitis, biopsies show that premalignant changes should make the surgical removal of their colon.
Treatment Of Colon Cancer
The primary treatment for colon cancer is surgery that removes part or all of the colon. Suggestive of polyps, though small, can be removed by colonoscopy.
Chemotherapy after surgery can extend survival of people whose cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
Radiation therapy after surgery does not help people with colon cancer, but it extends the survival of cancer patients.
Given before surgery, radiation therapy can shrink the tumor. This can improve the chances that the tumor is successfully removed.
Radiation before surgery reduces the risk of cancer recurrence after treatment.
Chemotherapy after surgery can extend survival of people whose cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
Radiation therapy after surgery does not help people with colon cancer, but it extends the survival of cancer patients.
Given before surgery, radiation therapy can shrink the tumor. This can improve the chances that the tumor is successfully removed.
Radiation before surgery reduces the risk of cancer recurrence after treatment.
Symptoms Of Colon Cancer
As mentioned earlier colon cancer may have no symptoms in its early stages. If the symptoms of colon cancer are expected, are often confused with some other related problem or a health problem.
The symptoms of colon cancer can be very similar to the state of inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and sometimes diverticulosis or diverticulitis. As these conditions are colon cancer is curable at this stage is curable.
It should be noted that the symptoms of cancer of the colon cancer vary in size and position of the large intestine. The following are symptoms of colon cancer or symptoms of colon cancer:
A change in bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation or a change in stool consistency for more than a few weeks
Narrow stools
A feeling that the bowel does not empty completely
Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort, cramping, gas can also occur
Abdominal pain with bowel movements
Unexplained weight loss and unintentional
All the above symptoms of colon cancer or symptoms of colon cancer may or may not be specific for the disease, that may be caused by other less serious health problems unrelated to cancer.
The symptoms of colon cancer can be very similar to the state of inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and sometimes diverticulosis or diverticulitis. As these conditions are colon cancer is curable at this stage is curable.
It should be noted that the symptoms of cancer of the colon cancer vary in size and position of the large intestine. The following are symptoms of colon cancer or symptoms of colon cancer:
A change in bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation or a change in stool consistency for more than a few weeks
Narrow stools
A feeling that the bowel does not empty completely
Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort, cramping, gas can also occur
Abdominal pain with bowel movements
Unexplained weight loss and unintentional
All the above symptoms of colon cancer or symptoms of colon cancer may or may not be specific for the disease, that may be caused by other less serious health problems unrelated to cancer.
Causes Of Colon Cancer
Here are several causes of colon cancer. The most common causes of colon cancer are:
Polyps: In most cases considered the main cause of colon cancer. Not all polyps become cancerous, but there is evidence that certain types of polyps can become cancerous in the future and lead to malignant colon cancer. Increasing the size and number of polyps is dangerous
Although age is not directly related to colon cancer is a risk factor as age over the chances of developing polyps also increases, which can sometimes become cancerous and can be the causes of cancer colon. There is evidence that people over age 50 have a high likelihood of developing polyps.
Alcohol, smoking and obesity are risk factors can be causes of colon cancer.
Family history of cancer can cause colon cancer. Women who have had cancer like ovarian cancer, breast cancer, etc. are at high risk of developing the disease. A family story about people who had polyps developed their families are also at risk
There is evidence that any type of chronic inflammation of the bowel can cause colon cancer. This is due to the inflamed areas of colon can lead to abnormal cell development. These abnormal cells become cancerous at any time.
Genetics plays a role in colon cancer. Nearly 25% of cases are said to have some sort of genetic link in their studies.
In general, insulin is said to be one of the leading causes of colon cancer. It is said that people with diabetes have up to 40% more likely to develop the disease than people without diabetes
Polyps: In most cases considered the main cause of colon cancer. Not all polyps become cancerous, but there is evidence that certain types of polyps can become cancerous in the future and lead to malignant colon cancer. Increasing the size and number of polyps is dangerous
Although age is not directly related to colon cancer is a risk factor as age over the chances of developing polyps also increases, which can sometimes become cancerous and can be the causes of cancer colon. There is evidence that people over age 50 have a high likelihood of developing polyps.
Alcohol, smoking and obesity are risk factors can be causes of colon cancer.
Family history of cancer can cause colon cancer. Women who have had cancer like ovarian cancer, breast cancer, etc. are at high risk of developing the disease. A family story about people who had polyps developed their families are also at risk
There is evidence that any type of chronic inflammation of the bowel can cause colon cancer. This is due to the inflamed areas of colon can lead to abnormal cell development. These abnormal cells become cancerous at any time.
Genetics plays a role in colon cancer. Nearly 25% of cases are said to have some sort of genetic link in their studies.
In general, insulin is said to be one of the leading causes of colon cancer. It is said that people with diabetes have up to 40% more likely to develop the disease than people without diabetes
Colon Cancer Overview
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| COLON CANCER |
To digest and absorb nutrients from food
Focus on the stools by absorbing fluid (and electrolytes) from
To store and control evacuation of feces
The right side of the colon plays an important role in absorbing water and electrolytes, while the left side is responsible for the storage and disposal of feces.
Cancer is the transformation of normal cells. The transformed cells grow and multiply abnormally.
Without treatment, these cancers grow and spread through the wall of the colon to the lymph nodes and organs. Finally, spread to distant organs such as liver, lungs, brain and bones.
Cancer is dangerous because they grow unhindered. They overwhelm healthy cells, tissues and organs by taking the oxygen, nutrients and space.
Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas-tumors that develop in the glands lining the inner wall of the colon.
These tumors are sometimes called colorectal cancer, reflecting the fact that the rectum, the terminal portion of the colon, may also be affected.
Prevention Of Uterine Cancer
There are some preventive measures that can be implemented to reduce the risk of developing uterine cancer or endometrial cancer. Some risk factors can be controlled and prevented from taking hormone therapy (HT) and a progestin.
Generally, people with problems through the menopausal estrogen replacement therapy with estrogen stimulation, but if the combination of progesterone, the hormone estrogen is taken with the possibility of developing this cancer is reduced.
According to studies, confirms that women who take oral contraceptives or birth control have a higher risk of developing low Caner uterine or endometrial cancer.
Being overweight or obese is a risk factor for developing uterine cancer or endometrial cancer. Therefore, to maintain a healthy weight is always best to reduce the risk of developing the disease. This is explained by the heavy grease leads to increased levels of estrogen in the body, which is responsible for uterine cancer or endometrial cancer.
Generally, people with problems through the menopausal estrogen replacement therapy with estrogen stimulation, but if the combination of progesterone, the hormone estrogen is taken with the possibility of developing this cancer is reduced.
According to studies, confirms that women who take oral contraceptives or birth control have a higher risk of developing low Caner uterine or endometrial cancer.
Being overweight or obese is a risk factor for developing uterine cancer or endometrial cancer. Therefore, to maintain a healthy weight is always best to reduce the risk of developing the disease. This is explained by the heavy grease leads to increased levels of estrogen in the body, which is responsible for uterine cancer or endometrial cancer.
Treatment Of Uterine Cancer
Treatment options include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
Hysterectomy can be performed in the early stages of a disease for women. The removal of the tubes and ovaries (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) is usually recommended.
Abdominal hysterectomy is recommended in vaginal hysterectomy. This type of hysterectomy allows the surgeon to peek into the abdomen and remove tissue for biopsy.
Surgery combined with radiation therapy is often used to treat women with stage 1 disease is a great opportunity to return, has spread to lymph nodes, or Class 2 or 3 E 'is also used to treat women with stage 2 of disease.
Chemotherapy may be considered in some cases, particularly those with stage 3 and 4 diseases
Hysterectomy can be performed in the early stages of a disease for women. The removal of the tubes and ovaries (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) is usually recommended.
Abdominal hysterectomy is recommended in vaginal hysterectomy. This type of hysterectomy allows the surgeon to peek into the abdomen and remove tissue for biopsy.
Surgery combined with radiation therapy is often used to treat women with stage 1 disease is a great opportunity to return, has spread to lymph nodes, or Class 2 or 3 E 'is also used to treat women with stage 2 of disease.
Chemotherapy may be considered in some cases, particularly those with stage 3 and 4 diseases
Symptoms Of Uterine Cancer
The most common symptom of uterine cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding. It can start as a watery, blood streaked flow that gradually contains more blood. After menopause, abnormal vaginal bleeding.
These are common symptoms of uterine cancer:
Abnormal vaginal bleeding, spotting or discharge
Pain or problems during the emptying of the bladder
Pain during sex
Pain in the pelvic area
These symptoms may be caused by cervical cancer or other health problems. Women with these symptoms should tell your doctor so that any problems can be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.
These are common symptoms of uterine cancer:
Abnormal vaginal bleeding, spotting or discharge
Pain or problems during the emptying of the bladder
Pain during sex
Pain in the pelvic area
These symptoms may be caused by cervical cancer or other health problems. Women with these symptoms should tell your doctor so that any problems can be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.
Causes Of Uterine Cancer
When you receive a diagnosis of uterine cancer, it is natural to think about what might have caused the disease. Doctors usually can not explain why a woman becomes ill with uterine cancer and another does not.
However, we know that women with certain risk factors may be more likely to develop uterine cancer. A risk factor is something that can increase the chance of the disease.
Studies have identified the following risk factors for uterine cancer:
Abnormal growth of the uterus (endometrial hyperplasia): An abnormal growth of cells in the lining of the uterus is a risk factor for cervical cancer. Hyperplasia is not cancerous, but sometimes it develops into cancer. Common symptoms of this disease are heavy menstrual periods, bleeding between periods and bleeding after menopause. Hyperplasia is more common after 40 years.
To prevent endometrial hyperplasia from developing into cancer, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy) or hormone treatment with progesterone and regular monitoring of the examinations.
Obesity: Women who are obese are more likely to develop uterine cancer.
The history of reproductive and menstrual: Women have an increased risk of uterine cancer if at least one of the following:
They never had children
If your first menstrual period before age 12
I went through menopause after age 55
History of estrogen use alone: The risk of uterine cancer is higher among women who used estrogen alone (without progesterone) for the hormonal treatment of menopause for many years.
History of tamoxifen: women who took tamoxifen to prevent or treat breast cancer have an increased risk of uterine cancer.
History of radiation therapy to the pelvis: the women who had pelvic radiation therapy are at increased risk of uterine cancer.
Family history: Women with a mother, sister or daughter with cancer of the cervix are at increased risk of developing the disease. Also, women in families with an inherited form of colorectal cancer (known as Lynch syndrome) have an increased risk of uterine cancer.
Many women who develop cervical cancer have none of these risk factors, and many women who have known risk factors do not develop the disease.
However, we know that women with certain risk factors may be more likely to develop uterine cancer. A risk factor is something that can increase the chance of the disease.
Studies have identified the following risk factors for uterine cancer:
Abnormal growth of the uterus (endometrial hyperplasia): An abnormal growth of cells in the lining of the uterus is a risk factor for cervical cancer. Hyperplasia is not cancerous, but sometimes it develops into cancer. Common symptoms of this disease are heavy menstrual periods, bleeding between periods and bleeding after menopause. Hyperplasia is more common after 40 years.
To prevent endometrial hyperplasia from developing into cancer, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy) or hormone treatment with progesterone and regular monitoring of the examinations.
Obesity: Women who are obese are more likely to develop uterine cancer.
The history of reproductive and menstrual: Women have an increased risk of uterine cancer if at least one of the following:
They never had children
If your first menstrual period before age 12
I went through menopause after age 55
History of estrogen use alone: The risk of uterine cancer is higher among women who used estrogen alone (without progesterone) for the hormonal treatment of menopause for many years.
History of tamoxifen: women who took tamoxifen to prevent or treat breast cancer have an increased risk of uterine cancer.
History of radiation therapy to the pelvis: the women who had pelvic radiation therapy are at increased risk of uterine cancer.
Family history: Women with a mother, sister or daughter with cancer of the cervix are at increased risk of developing the disease. Also, women in families with an inherited form of colorectal cancer (known as Lynch syndrome) have an increased risk of uterine cancer.
Many women who develop cervical cancer have none of these risk factors, and many women who have known risk factors do not develop the disease.
Uterine Cancer Overview
 |
| UTERINE CANCER |
It develops in the body uterus is a hollow organ located in the lower abdomen known as a uterus where embryonic development occurs.
The uterus is surrounded by two layers, the outer is the endometrium and inner myometium. The uterine cancer or endometrial cancer usually begins in the endometrium. This cancer usually occurs after the age of childbearing age between 60 and 70.
The uterine cancer or endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers in American women. After the second most common sin of women breast cancer, lung and colon cancer, cancer of the uterus or endometrial cancer is the fourth most common form of cancer affecting women. According to statistics, it is estimated that about 40,000 American women each year are diagnosed with this cancer.
Fortunately, cancer of the cervix or endometrial cancer has a high chance of early detection, because it frequently produces vaginal bleeding between periods or after menopause. Thus, the chances of recovery or prognosis is very good.
Prevention Of Throat Cancer
There is no proven way to prevent cancer of the neck arises. But to reduce your risk of throat cancer, you can:
Quitting smoking or not start smoking. If you smoke, quit. If you do not smoke, do not start. Quitting smoking can be very difficult to get help. The doctor can discuss the benefits and risks of many smoking cessation strategies, such as drugs, products for nicotine replacement therapy and advice.
Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. For women, this means one drink per day. For men, moderate drinking means no more than two glasses a day.
Choose a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. Vitamins and antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of throat cancer. Eat a colorful variety of fruits and vegetables.
Be careful around chemicals. When working with chemicals, whether at work or at home, carefully follow the instructions. Avoid breathing the fumes of dangerous chemicals. Properly ventilate the room where you work and wear a mask over the nose and mouth.
Quitting smoking or not start smoking. If you smoke, quit. If you do not smoke, do not start. Quitting smoking can be very difficult to get help. The doctor can discuss the benefits and risks of many smoking cessation strategies, such as drugs, products for nicotine replacement therapy and advice.
Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. For women, this means one drink per day. For men, moderate drinking means no more than two glasses a day.
Choose a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. Vitamins and antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of throat cancer. Eat a colorful variety of fruits and vegetables.
Be careful around chemicals. When working with chemicals, whether at work or at home, carefully follow the instructions. Avoid breathing the fumes of dangerous chemicals. Properly ventilate the room where you work and wear a mask over the nose and mouth.
Treatment Of Throat Cancer
Throat cancer or the treatment of cancer of the larynx is designed to completely destroy the cancer and the prevention of the spread of cancer to other parts of the body. Standard methods of treatment are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
When the tumor is small or throat surgery radiotherapy alone can be used to remove the tumor. When the tumor is larger or has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, combination radiation and chemotherapy are often used to keep the box and is successful in most cases.
Doctors are using a procedure called laryngoscopy, which helps in the examination of the slot that used a tube with a tiny camera on (laryngoscope), which allows the doctor to look in the mouth and throat to see the tumor .
The removal of the tumor during surgery, including all or part of the vocal cords with a laryngectomy may be necessary in some cases. Usually, after surgery, patients need to express their support or speech, as alternative methods of speaking. Other than that swallowing therapy after treatment may also be necessary to help them adapt to changes in the structure of the throat.
The overall prognosis of cancer of the throat or larynx is good. Cervical cancer or cancer of the larynx can be cured in almost 90% of patients if detected early. The percentage of recovery depends on factors such as cancer stage and location of the tumor in the throat. In advanced stage where the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck the cure rate is about 50-60%.
Throat cancer or prevention of cancer of the larynx is made to reduce the risk of the disease. People who smoke or use snuff are at risk of developing tumors of the throat that leads to cancer of the throat or larynx. Excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk. Smoking and alcohol are at extreme risk of developing cancer of the throat or larynx.
When the tumor is small or throat surgery radiotherapy alone can be used to remove the tumor. When the tumor is larger or has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, combination radiation and chemotherapy are often used to keep the box and is successful in most cases.
Doctors are using a procedure called laryngoscopy, which helps in the examination of the slot that used a tube with a tiny camera on (laryngoscope), which allows the doctor to look in the mouth and throat to see the tumor .
The removal of the tumor during surgery, including all or part of the vocal cords with a laryngectomy may be necessary in some cases. Usually, after surgery, patients need to express their support or speech, as alternative methods of speaking. Other than that swallowing therapy after treatment may also be necessary to help them adapt to changes in the structure of the throat.
The overall prognosis of cancer of the throat or larynx is good. Cervical cancer or cancer of the larynx can be cured in almost 90% of patients if detected early. The percentage of recovery depends on factors such as cancer stage and location of the tumor in the throat. In advanced stage where the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck the cure rate is about 50-60%.
Throat cancer or prevention of cancer of the larynx is made to reduce the risk of the disease. People who smoke or use snuff are at risk of developing tumors of the throat that leads to cancer of the throat or larynx. Excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk. Smoking and alcohol are at extreme risk of developing cancer of the throat or larynx.
Symptoms Of Throat Cancer
Signs and symptoms of throat cancer can include:
Cough
Changes in your voice, like hoarseness
Dysphagia
Ear pain
A lump or sore that does not heal
Sore throat
Weight loss
Cough
Changes in your voice, like hoarseness
Dysphagia
Ear pain
A lump or sore that does not heal
Sore throat
Weight loss
Causes Of Throat Cancer
People who smoke or use snuff are at risk of developing throat cancer. Excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk. Smoking and drinking alcohol in combination with a higher risk of throat cancer.
Most cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50 years. Men are 10 times more likely than women to develop throat cancer.
Most cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50 years. Men are 10 times more likely than women to develop throat cancer.
Throat Cancer Overview
 |
| THROAT CANCER |
Throat cancer or cancer of the larynx is a specific type of cancer that affects the vocal cords, larynx (voice box) or other areas of the throat.
Therefore neck cancer is also called laryngeal cancer, cancer of the vocal cords or cancer of the glottis depends on its origin.
Prevention Of Tongue Cancer
Reduce the ability to record the tongue of cancer, follow these steps:
Do not smoke or use snuff products. If you smoke or use snuff products, helping to stop.
Avoid heavy use of alcohol.
See your doctor regularly for examinations and screening for cancer.
Do not smoke or use snuff products. If you smoke or use snuff products, helping to stop.
Avoid heavy use of alcohol.
See your doctor regularly for examinations and screening for cancer.
Treatment Of Tongue Cancer
Treatment of cancer of the tongue may include a combination of methods (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy), and possibly aggressive. Surgery is the best way to treat cancer of the tongue, if the tumors are small.
Radiotherapy can be used in the treatment of these small tumors. In some cases, metastasis may occur even when the cancer spreads to lymph nodes in the neck, then immediate treatment is very important.
Like any small change in tongue can be detected easily detect early cancer of the tongue is quite possible, therefore, prognosis and the chances of recovery are very good. If cancer is detected before it progresses that the best cure after treatment is possible.
Overall, the tongue of cancer survival rate varies from 50-65%, improved survival with early stage disease. In advanced cases, as well as the survival rate is good thanks to the advanced treatment techniques. According to statistics, approximately 80% of patients with cancer of the tongue of the larynx can be preserved.
Radiotherapy can be used in the treatment of these small tumors. In some cases, metastasis may occur even when the cancer spreads to lymph nodes in the neck, then immediate treatment is very important.
Like any small change in tongue can be detected easily detect early cancer of the tongue is quite possible, therefore, prognosis and the chances of recovery are very good. If cancer is detected before it progresses that the best cure after treatment is possible.
Overall, the tongue of cancer survival rate varies from 50-65%, improved survival with early stage disease. In advanced cases, as well as the survival rate is good thanks to the advanced treatment techniques. According to statistics, approximately 80% of patients with cancer of the tongue of the larynx can be preserved.
Symptoms Of Tongue Cancer
If you have any of these symptoms do not assume it is because of tongue cancer. These symptoms may be caused by other conditions. Tell your doctor if you have one of these:
Skin lesion, lump, or sores on the tongue
Difficulty swallowing
Mouth sores and mouth pain
Numbness or difficulty moving the tongue
Speech changes (due to the inability to move the tongue on the teeth when speaking)
Pain when chewing and speaking
Bleeding of the tongue
Skin lesion, lump, or sores on the tongue
Difficulty swallowing
Mouth sores and mouth pain
Numbness or difficulty moving the tongue
Speech changes (due to the inability to move the tongue on the teeth when speaking)
Pain when chewing and speaking
Bleeding of the tongue
Causes Of Tongue Cancer
The exact cause of tongue cancer, head and neck is unknown. But there are several risk factors associated with progression of the disease, including smoking, smokeless tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption.
In some cases, the cause of tongue cancer is in doubt for dentures. Men are called high-risk women and this disease affects people over 40 years.
The main reason for cancer of the tongue in Asian countries are chewing tobacco or betel nut with tobacco. This leads to cancer of the mouth, throat or esophagus and throat cancers in these countries. Other risk factors are clear:
Acid reflux
Poor nutrition
Having a weakened immune system
Sunlight
Being exposed to certain chemicals
Virus
In some cases, the cause of tongue cancer is in doubt for dentures. Men are called high-risk women and this disease affects people over 40 years.
The main reason for cancer of the tongue in Asian countries are chewing tobacco or betel nut with tobacco. This leads to cancer of the mouth, throat or esophagus and throat cancers in these countries. Other risk factors are clear:
Acid reflux
Poor nutrition
Having a weakened immune system
Sunlight
Being exposed to certain chemicals
Virus
Tongue Cancer Overview
 |
| TONGUE CANCER |
Tongue cancer is a malignant tumor, which first appears as a small lump, a firm white patch, or a wound, which is like ulcers on the tongue.
As the tongue of the cancer progresses, it will spread to other parts of the mouth on the floor of the mouth, jaws, gums, or if any treatment.
The tumor must be a life-threatening for the spread of metastases to lymph nodes in the neck and then the rest of the body.
There are two parts of the tongue, oral tounge and the base of the tongue. Cancers that develop in this part of the tongue come under a group of cancers called mouth cancer (or Oral cancer).
Prevention Of Stomach Cancer
Amount of stomach cancer has decreased because of the following elements:
Better socio-economic needs
The widespread use of refrigeration for food preservation
Adopt a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
In areas where the incidence of stomach cancer remains high, such as Japan, the selection of programs including undergraduate and GI barium, survival rates, more recently, endoscopy has improved.
Doctors are finding more cases at an early stage of development.
The elimination of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease may also reduce the rate of stomach cancer.
It was suggested that people who had portions of their stomachs removed for 20 years or older should receive endoscopies a year. This is due to increased risk of stomach cancer after the surgery.
Evidence does not support mass screening of populations with low rates of stomach cancer.
Better socio-economic needs
The widespread use of refrigeration for food preservation
Adopt a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
In areas where the incidence of stomach cancer remains high, such as Japan, the selection of programs including undergraduate and GI barium, survival rates, more recently, endoscopy has improved.
Doctors are finding more cases at an early stage of development.
The elimination of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease may also reduce the rate of stomach cancer.
It was suggested that people who had portions of their stomachs removed for 20 years or older should receive endoscopies a year. This is due to increased risk of stomach cancer after the surgery.
Evidence does not support mass screening of populations with low rates of stomach cancer.
Treatment Of Stomach Cancer
Treatment of stomach cancer depends on the test results and your overall health.
People with advanced heart and lung disease can not tolerate aggressive treatment.
In many cases, gastric cancer may have advanced too far in all the treatments available to work.
You will need surgery to heal. Her stomach is completely removed, and the esophagus joins the small intestine.
The surgery can relieve symptoms of obstruction. At the top of the stomach is connected to the small intestine, bypassing the zone blocking.
Companion of chemotherapy or radiation therapy may improve survival after surgery.
After your stomach has been removed, your doctor will monitor your condition with repeat CT of the abdomen and endoscopy to make sure the cancer will not return.
People with advanced heart and lung disease can not tolerate aggressive treatment.
In many cases, gastric cancer may have advanced too far in all the treatments available to work.
You will need surgery to heal. Her stomach is completely removed, and the esophagus joins the small intestine.
The surgery can relieve symptoms of obstruction. At the top of the stomach is connected to the small intestine, bypassing the zone blocking.
Companion of chemotherapy or radiation therapy may improve survival after surgery.
After your stomach has been removed, your doctor will monitor your condition with repeat CT of the abdomen and endoscopy to make sure the cancer will not return.
Symptoms Of Stomach Cancer
Early symptoms of stomach cancer tends to be vague and nonspecific. Search doctor if you have one of the following:
Mild upper abdominal discomfort associated with nausea and anorexia
Difficulty swallowing due to a tumor that affects the upper stomach near the esophagus
Feeling of fullness after taking only a small amount of food
The following symptoms may indicate advanced disease:
Fatigue
Weight loss
Iron deficiency anemia
Apparent blood loss - Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds or black stools
Nausea and vomiting - A late symptom caused by blocking drainage in the stomach for the expansion of cancer
Mild upper abdominal discomfort associated with nausea and anorexia
Difficulty swallowing due to a tumor that affects the upper stomach near the esophagus
Feeling of fullness after taking only a small amount of food
The following symptoms may indicate advanced disease:
Fatigue
Weight loss
Iron deficiency anemia
Apparent blood loss - Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds or black stools
Nausea and vomiting - A late symptom caused by blocking drainage in the stomach for the expansion of cancer
Causes Of Stomach Cancer
When you are told you have cancer of the stomach, it is natural to wonder what might have caused the disease. But no one knows the exact causes of stomach cancer. Doctors seldom know why one person develops stomach cancer and others do not.
Doctors know that people with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop stomach cancer. A risk factor is anything that can increase the chances of getting a disease.
Studies have shown the following risk factors for stomach cancer:
Infection with Helicobacter pylori: H. pylori is a bacterium that usually affects the lining (mucosa) of the stomach. Infection with H. pylori can cause stomach inflammation and peptic ulcers. It also increases the risk of stomach cancer, but only a small number of infected people develop stomach cancer.
In the long term stomach: people who have conditions associated with long-term gastritis (such as anemia, a blood disorder) are at increased risk of stomach cancer. In addition, people who have been part of the stomach may be out long term inflammation of the stomach and an increased risk of gastric cancer for many years of their surgery.
Smoking: Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop gastric cancer. Heavy smokers are at increased risk.
Family history: close relatives (parents, brothers, sisters or children) of a person with a history of stomach cancer is slightly higher chance of developing their disease. If many close relatives have a history of stomach cancer, the risk is even greater.
Poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity:
Studies suggest that people who eat a diet rich in foods that are smoked, salted or pickled have an increased risk of stomach cancer. On the other hand, people who eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables have a lower risk for this disease.
Lack of exercise can increase the risk of stomach cancer.
In addition, people who are obese may be at increased risk of developing cancer of the upper stomach.
Most people who have known risk factors do not develop stomach cancer. For example, many people infected with H. pylori, but never develop cancer.
On the other hand, those who develop the disease, sometimes no known risk factors.
Doctors know that people with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop stomach cancer. A risk factor is anything that can increase the chances of getting a disease.
Studies have shown the following risk factors for stomach cancer:
Infection with Helicobacter pylori: H. pylori is a bacterium that usually affects the lining (mucosa) of the stomach. Infection with H. pylori can cause stomach inflammation and peptic ulcers. It also increases the risk of stomach cancer, but only a small number of infected people develop stomach cancer.
In the long term stomach: people who have conditions associated with long-term gastritis (such as anemia, a blood disorder) are at increased risk of stomach cancer. In addition, people who have been part of the stomach may be out long term inflammation of the stomach and an increased risk of gastric cancer for many years of their surgery.
Smoking: Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop gastric cancer. Heavy smokers are at increased risk.
Family history: close relatives (parents, brothers, sisters or children) of a person with a history of stomach cancer is slightly higher chance of developing their disease. If many close relatives have a history of stomach cancer, the risk is even greater.
Poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity:
Studies suggest that people who eat a diet rich in foods that are smoked, salted or pickled have an increased risk of stomach cancer. On the other hand, people who eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables have a lower risk for this disease.
Lack of exercise can increase the risk of stomach cancer.
In addition, people who are obese may be at increased risk of developing cancer of the upper stomach.
Most people who have known risk factors do not develop stomach cancer. For example, many people infected with H. pylori, but never develop cancer.
On the other hand, those who develop the disease, sometimes no known risk factors.
Stomach Cancer Overview
 |
| STOMACH CANCER |
Most cancers of the stomach or stomach cancer begins in the glandular tissue that lines the stomach.
These abnormal cells grow and divide rapidly accumulate a moment to form a tumor.
As time goes on stomach cancer or gastric cancer, if left untreated spreads and grows in the deeper layers. The tumor can spread along the wall of the stomach or may develop directly through the wall and remove the cells in the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
Cancers of the stomach or gastric cancer
Stomach cancer or gastric cancer is generally classified into three types, depending on the tissue where they originate. Adenocarcinomas, the most common type, which begins in the lining of the glandular stomach.
Another type of lymphoma, in which the lymphatic system, and the third type is sarcomas involving the connective tissue such as muscle, fat, or blood vessels.
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