Medical Treatment Of Anal Cancer

Treatment and prognosis of rectal cancer depends on the stage of cancer, which is determined by three factors:

How deep the cancer has spread to the wall of the rectum

It is cancer in the lymph nodes appear to be

Whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body (cancer of the body often spreads to include the liver and lungs.)

The stages of colorectal cancer are as follows:

Phase I: Cancer is only the first or the second layer of the rectal wall and lymph nodes are involved.

Stage II: Tumor penetrates the mesorectum, but not the lymph nodes are involved.

Phase III: Regardless of how deeply the cancer penetrates the lymph nodes are involved in cancer.

Phase IV: persuasive evidence of cancer in other parts of the body outside the rectal area.

Localized rectal cancer includes stagesI-III. Metastatic stage IV rectal cancer.

The goals of treatment of rectal cancer are located to ensure removal of all cancers and to prevent a recurrence of cancer or near the rectum or around the body.

If Stage I rectal cancer is diagnosed, then surgery is probably the only necessary step in the risk of cancer returning after surgery treatment.The is low, and therefore chemotherapy is generally not available.

Sometimes, after removal of the tumor, the doctor discovered that the cancer has spread to the mesorectum (phase II) or to lymph nodes contained cancer cells (StageIII). In these cases, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are offered, after recovering from surgery to reduce the chances of cancer returning.Chemotherapy and radiotherapy is given after surgery is called adjuvant therapy.

If the initial reviews and tests show a person to have stage II or III colorectal cancer, then chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be considered before surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation given before surgery is called neoadjuvant therapy. This treatment lasts about six weeks.Neoadjuvant therapy is performed to shrink the tumor and can be completely eliminated by the addition surgery.In, a person will be able to tolerate the side effects of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and better if this treatment given before surgery rather than afterward.Afterrecovery operation must be a person who has suffered a neoadjuvant treatment withtheoncologist meeting to discuss the need for more chemotherapy.

If the cancer is metastatic, then surgery and radiation therapy will only be made if the persistent bleeding or intestinal obstruction are rectal mass. Otherwise, chemotherapy is the standard treatment of metastatic cancer of the rectum cancer.At this time, metastatic colorectal cancer is not curable.However, the median survival time of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, extended over a few recent years due to the introduction of new drugs.